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Effect of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on the Breakdown Voltage of Transformer Oil Containing Cellulose Particles.

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Title: Effect of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on the Breakdown Voltage of Transformer Oil Containing Cellulose Particles.
Authors: Negm, Tarek S.1 (AUTHOR), Mansour, Diaa-Eldin A.2,3 (AUTHOR), Hossam-Eldin, Ahmed A.1,3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Nanomaterials (2079-4991). Dec2025, Vol. 15 Issue 23, p1758. 22p.
Subjects: Breakdown voltage, Dielectric strength, Metal nanoparticles, Insulating materials, Nanofluids, Electric breakdown, Cellulose, Insulating oils
Abstract: Failures are sometimes attributed to the deterioration of insulating oil, with contamination by cellulose particles. Such contamination lowers the dielectric strength of the oil. This study investigates the effect of cellulose contamination on the impulse breakdown voltage of transformer oil and evaluates the potential of nanofluids as a remediation strategy. A controlled amount of cellulose particles is added and dispersed into mineral oil at a concentration of 0.02 g/L to simulate a contaminated oil sample. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles are then dispersed into the contaminated oil at concentrations of 0.02 and 0.04 g/L. Impulse breakdown voltage is measured under both positive and negative polarities using electrode gaps of 1 mm and 2.5 mm, while dielectric permittivity is also measured to assess polarization effects. The influence of nanoparticle type and concentration is analyzed considering relaxation time and electron scavenging mechanisms. The results show that cellulose contamination markedly reduces dielectric strength, whereas the addition of nanoparticles effectively restores and, in several cases, enhances the insulating properties beyond those of uncontaminated oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Effect of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on the Breakdown Voltage of Transformer Oil Containing Cellulose Particles.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Breakdown+voltage%22">Breakdown voltage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dielectric+strength%22">Dielectric strength</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metal+nanoparticles%22">Metal nanoparticles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Insulating+materials%22">Insulating materials</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nanofluids%22">Nanofluids</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+breakdown%22">Electric breakdown</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cellulose%22">Cellulose</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Insulating+oils%22">Insulating oils</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Failures are sometimes attributed to the deterioration of insulating oil, with contamination by cellulose particles. Such contamination lowers the dielectric strength of the oil. This study investigates the effect of cellulose contamination on the impulse breakdown voltage of transformer oil and evaluates the potential of nanofluids as a remediation strategy. A controlled amount of cellulose particles is added and dispersed into mineral oil at a concentration of 0.02 g/L to simulate a contaminated oil sample. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles are then dispersed into the contaminated oil at concentrations of 0.02 and 0.04 g/L. Impulse breakdown voltage is measured under both positive and negative polarities using electrode gaps of 1 mm and 2.5 mm, while dielectric permittivity is also measured to assess polarization effects. The influence of nanoparticle type and concentration is analyzed considering relaxation time and electron scavenging mechanisms. The results show that cellulose contamination markedly reduces dielectric strength, whereas the addition of nanoparticles effectively restores and, in several cases, enhances the insulating properties beyond those of uncontaminated oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Nanomaterials (2079-4991) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3390/nano15231758
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 22
        StartPage: 1758
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Breakdown voltage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dielectric strength
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metal nanoparticles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Insulating materials
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanofluids
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric breakdown
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cellulose
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Insulating oils
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effect of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on the Breakdown Voltage of Transformer Oil Containing Cellulose Particles.
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            NameFull: Negm, Tarek S.
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            NameFull: Mansour, Diaa-Eldin A.
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          Name:
            NameFull: Hossam-Eldin, Ahmed A.
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2025
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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