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A pH-responsive hydrogel formed by chitosan and protocatechualdehyde via Schiff base for antioxidant and antibacterial application.

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Title: A pH-responsive hydrogel formed by chitosan and protocatechualdehyde via Schiff base for antioxidant and antibacterial application.
Authors: Zhang, Tongtong1 (AUTHOR), Chen, Yawei1 (AUTHOR) yaweichen@aliyun.com, Cao, Yiting1 (AUTHOR), Yuan, Jindie1 (AUTHOR), Tang, Xianjun1 (AUTHOR), Zhou, Huiyun1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Reactive & Functional Polymers. Feb2026, Vol. 219, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
Subjects: Chitosan, Antibacterial agents, Aldehydes, Escherichia coli, Antioxidants, Schiff bases, Staphylococcus aureus, Hydrogels
Abstract: To address the global challenge of antibiotic overuse, alternative strategies including inorganic nanoparticles, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy have been developed in recent years. However, their clinical translation has been hindered by complicated manufacturing processes and high production costs. This study successfully developed a pH-responsive chitosan-based hydrogel via an environmentally friendly Schiff base reaction, leveraging the dual inherent antibacterial and antioxidant properties of both chitosan (CS) and protocatechualdehyde (PA). The chitosan-protocatechualdehyde (CS-PA) hydrogel exhibited superior swelling capacity, excellent injectability, and potent antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Antibacterial experiments demonstrated that the CS-PA hydrogel significantly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with the CS-PA200 hydrogel achieving complete inhibition of both bacteria within 24 h. These results establish the CS-PA hydrogel as a clinically promising, antibiotic-free platform for combating drug-resistant infections while promoting wound regeneration. [Display omitted] • A chitosan-protocatechualdehyde hydrogel was synthesized via rapid (<4 min) Schiff base formation. • The hydrogel exhibits intrinsic antibacterial and antioxidant properties without requiring additional therapeutic agents. • The hydrogel achieves efficient inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and displays pH-responsive gel-sol transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Reactive & Functional Polymers is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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Header DbId: egs
DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 190587179
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
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  Label: Title
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  Data: A pH-responsive hydrogel formed by chitosan and protocatechualdehyde via Schiff base for antioxidant and antibacterial application.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zhang%2C+Tongtong%22&quot;&gt;Zhang, Tongtong&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Chen%2C+Yawei%22&quot;&gt;Chen, Yawei&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; yaweichen@aliyun.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Cao%2C+Yiting%22&quot;&gt;Cao, Yiting&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Yuan%2C+Jindie%22&quot;&gt;Yuan, Jindie&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Tang%2C+Xianjun%22&quot;&gt;Tang, Xianjun&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zhou%2C+Huiyun%22&quot;&gt;Zhou, Huiyun&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Reactive+%26+Functional+Polymers%22&quot;&gt;Reactive &amp; Functional Polymers&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Feb2026, Vol. 219, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Chitosan%22&quot;&gt;Chitosan&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Antibacterial+agents%22&quot;&gt;Antibacterial agents&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Aldehydes%22&quot;&gt;Aldehydes&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Escherichia+coli%22&quot;&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Antioxidants%22&quot;&gt;Antioxidants&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Schiff+bases%22&quot;&gt;Schiff bases&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Staphylococcus+aureus%22&quot;&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22Hydrogels%22&quot;&gt;Hydrogels&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: To address the global challenge of antibiotic overuse, alternative strategies including inorganic nanoparticles, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy have been developed in recent years. However, their clinical translation has been hindered by complicated manufacturing processes and high production costs. This study successfully developed a pH-responsive chitosan-based hydrogel via an environmentally friendly Schiff base reaction, leveraging the dual inherent antibacterial and antioxidant properties of both chitosan (CS) and protocatechualdehyde (PA). The chitosan-protocatechualdehyde (CS-PA) hydrogel exhibited superior swelling capacity, excellent injectability, and potent antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Antibacterial experiments demonstrated that the CS-PA hydrogel significantly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with the CS-PA200 hydrogel achieving complete inhibition of both bacteria within 24 h. These results establish the CS-PA hydrogel as a clinically promising, antibiotic-free platform for combating drug-resistant infections while promoting wound regeneration. [Display omitted] • A chitosan-protocatechualdehyde hydrogel was synthesized via rapid (&lt;4 min) Schiff base formation. • The hydrogel exhibits intrinsic antibacterial and antioxidant properties without requiring additional therapeutic agents. • The hydrogel achieves efficient inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and displays pH-responsive gel-sol transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Reactive &amp; Functional Polymers is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106561
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 1
        StartPage: N.PAG
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Chitosan
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antibacterial agents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aldehydes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Escherichia coli
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antioxidants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Schiff bases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Staphylococcus aureus
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydrogels
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A pH-responsive hydrogel formed by chitosan and protocatechualdehyde via Schiff base for antioxidant and antibacterial application.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zhang, Tongtong
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Chen, Yawei
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Cao, Yiting
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Yuan, Jindie
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Tang, Xianjun
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Zhou, Huiyun
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
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              Value: 13815148
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              Value: 219
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Reactive & Functional Polymers
              Type: main
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