Laser-Driven Reactive Sintering of Cu–Liquid Metal on Paper for Flexible Microwave Sensors.
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| Title: | Laser-Driven Reactive Sintering of Cu–Liquid Metal on Paper for Flexible Microwave Sensors. |
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| Authors: | Li, Ruo-Zhou1,2 (AUTHOR) 1223228203@njupt.edu.cn, Xu, Mengchen3 (AUTHOR), Zhong, Yiming2,3 (AUTHOR), Xia, Yuhong1 (AUTHOR), Lu, Dongyang1,3 (AUTHOR), Wang, Zehua1,2 (AUTHOR), Qu, Ke3 (AUTHOR), Yu, Ying1,2 (AUTHOR), Yan, Jing3 (AUTHOR) jing.yan@njupt.edu.cn |
| Source: | Nanomaterials (2079-4991). May2026, Vol. 16 Issue 10, p571. 14p. |
| Subjects: | Laser sintering, Electrical conductors, Flexible electronics, Printed electronics, Microwave detectors, Composite materials, Flexibility (Mechanics) |
| Abstract: | The expansion of paper-based and wearable microwave electronics demands conductors that are highly conductive, finely patterned, mechanically robust, and compatible with low-cost, biodegradable substrates. This study reports a laser-scribing strategy for high-performance copper–liquid metal (Cu–LM) conductors on paper based on laser sintering of Cu–LM composite particles, with an auxiliary adhesive transfer step to facilitate integration on flexible substrates. Laser-induced reactive sintering creates a network wherein sintered liquid metal and CuGa2 acts as a conductive bridge, interconnecting the dispersed Cu particles. This provides efficient electron transport pathways, achieving a high conductivity of 4.2 × 106 S/m under optimal laser conditions, surpassing that of pure eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) alloys. The self-healing nature of LM enables exceptional mechanical flexibility and stable electrical performance under severe deformation. The utility of this platform is demonstrated by a miniaturized microwave liquid level sensor that provides multi-parameter water-level detection and sensor calibration. These results establish laser-scribed Cu–LM on paper as a low-cost and disposable option for high-performance microwave sensors and flexible wireless electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Database: | Engineering Source |
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| Abstract: | The expansion of paper-based and wearable microwave electronics demands conductors that are highly conductive, finely patterned, mechanically robust, and compatible with low-cost, biodegradable substrates. This study reports a laser-scribing strategy for high-performance copper–liquid metal (Cu–LM) conductors on paper based on laser sintering of Cu–LM composite particles, with an auxiliary adhesive transfer step to facilitate integration on flexible substrates. Laser-induced reactive sintering creates a network wherein sintered liquid metal and CuGa2 acts as a conductive bridge, interconnecting the dispersed Cu particles. This provides efficient electron transport pathways, achieving a high conductivity of 4.2 × 106 S/m under optimal laser conditions, surpassing that of pure eutectic gallium–indium (EGaIn) alloys. The self-healing nature of LM enables exceptional mechanical flexibility and stable electrical performance under severe deformation. The utility of this platform is demonstrated by a miniaturized microwave liquid level sensor that provides multi-parameter water-level detection and sensor calibration. These results establish laser-scribed Cu–LM on paper as a low-cost and disposable option for high-performance microwave sensors and flexible wireless electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 20794991 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/nano16100571 |
