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Dynamical aspects of the energy–momentum squared gravity in the scalar tensor representation.

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Title: Dynamical aspects of the energy–momentum squared gravity in the scalar tensor representation.
Authors: Marciu, Mihai1 (AUTHOR) mihai.marciu@drd.unibuc.ro
Source: European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields. May2026, Vol. 86 Issue 5, p1-15. 15p.
Subjects: Physical cosmology, Lagrangian functions, Cosmological constant, Tensor algebra, Stability theory, Thermodynamics, Expanding universe, Universe
Abstract: In this paper we have revisited the energy–momentum squared gravity theory, by taking into account the second derivative of the matter Lagrangian with respect to the metric, encapsulating relations originated from thermodynamical grounds. The study has focused on the inclusion of new specific relations related to the second derivative of the matter Lagrangian with respect to the metric, giving rise to a different final form for the evolution equations in the scalar tensor representation. In the previous studies this term has been neglected, since it was associated to a possible divergence in the scenario where the matter component behaves like a non-relativistic collisionless fluid. After obtaining the scalar tensor representation of the energy–momentum squared gravity with the new corrections, we have analyzed the physical implications by relying on the linear stability theory. The results show that the current cosmological system is compatible with the expansion of the Universe for some specific matter Lagrangians, explaining the emergence of matter domination era, approaching the late time accelerated expansion era close to the de-Sitter phenomenology. In this case we have obtained possible analytical constraints for specific model's parameters from the viewpoint of dynamical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Dynamical aspects of the energy–momentum squared gravity in the scalar tensor representation.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22European+Physical+Journal+C+--+Particles+%26+Fields%22">European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields</searchLink>. May2026, Vol. 86 Issue 5, p1-15. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+cosmology%22">Physical cosmology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lagrangian+functions%22">Lagrangian functions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cosmological+constant%22">Cosmological constant</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tensor+algebra%22">Tensor algebra</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stability+theory%22">Stability theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermodynamics%22">Thermodynamics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Expanding+universe%22">Expanding universe</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Universe%22">Universe</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In this paper we have revisited the energy–momentum squared gravity theory, by taking into account the second derivative of the matter Lagrangian with respect to the metric, encapsulating relations originated from thermodynamical grounds. The study has focused on the inclusion of new specific relations related to the second derivative of the matter Lagrangian with respect to the metric, giving rise to a different final form for the evolution equations in the scalar tensor representation. In the previous studies this term has been neglected, since it was associated to a possible divergence in the scenario where the matter component behaves like a non-relativistic collisionless fluid. After obtaining the scalar tensor representation of the energy–momentum squared gravity with the new corrections, we have analyzed the physical implications by relying on the linear stability theory. The results show that the current cosmological system is compatible with the expansion of the Universe for some specific matter Lagrangians, explaining the emergence of matter domination era, approaching the late time accelerated expansion era close to the de-Sitter phenomenology. In this case we have obtained possible analytical constraints for specific model's parameters from the viewpoint of dynamical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of European Physical Journal C -- Particles & Fields is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15767-0
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Physical cosmology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lagrangian functions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cosmological constant
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tensor algebra
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      – SubjectFull: Stability theory
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      – SubjectFull: Thermodynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Expanding universe
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Universe
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      – TitleFull: Dynamical aspects of the energy–momentum squared gravity in the scalar tensor representation.
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              M: 05
              Text: May2026
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              Y: 2026
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