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Reversible fragile watermarking scheme for three-dimensional models.

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Bibliographic Details
Title: Reversible fragile watermarking scheme for three-dimensional models.
Authors: Jen-Tse Wang1,2, Peng-Cheng Wang3, Shyr-Shen Yu4 pyu@nchu.edu.tw
Source: Optical Engineering. Sep2009, Vol. 48 Issue 9, p097004-1-097004-11. 11p.
Subjects: Digital image watermarking, Digital watermarking, Authentication (Law), Principal components analysis, Similarity transformations, Similarity (Geometry)
Abstract: Watermarking is a very important technique for protecting the authorization of digital content, such as still images, video streams, audio streams, and 3-D models. Most fragile watermarking schemes for 3-D models are not reversible. Published reversible or irreversible fragile watermarking schemes for 3-D models have many drawbacks, such as the causality problem, not being blind, or being unable to locate changed regions. To overcome these drawbacks, a reversible fragile watermarking scheme for 3-D models in spatial domain is proposed. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to produce the PCA coordinate system and make the system robust against similarity transformation attacks. PCA, together with a novel interval embedding technique, provide the blind reversibility of the proposed scheme. Intervals larger than a threshold and smaller than another threshold are adopted as legitimate to avoid large distortion. Moreover, experimental results show that the proposed scheme can overcome the causality, convergence, and confusion problems; provide both tampering detection and better embedding rate and requiring a small key size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Database: Engineering Source
Description
Abstract:Watermarking is a very important technique for protecting the authorization of digital content, such as still images, video streams, audio streams, and 3-D models. Most fragile watermarking schemes for 3-D models are not reversible. Published reversible or irreversible fragile watermarking schemes for 3-D models have many drawbacks, such as the causality problem, not being blind, or being unable to locate changed regions. To overcome these drawbacks, a reversible fragile watermarking scheme for 3-D models in spatial domain is proposed. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to produce the PCA coordinate system and make the system robust against similarity transformation attacks. PCA, together with a novel interval embedding technique, provide the blind reversibility of the proposed scheme. Intervals larger than a threshold and smaller than another threshold are adopted as legitimate to avoid large distortion. Moreover, experimental results show that the proposed scheme can overcome the causality, convergence, and confusion problems; provide both tampering detection and better embedding rate and requiring a small key size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00913286
DOI:10.1117/1.3223635