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Reversible fragile watermarking scheme for three-dimensional models.

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Title: Reversible fragile watermarking scheme for three-dimensional models.
Authors: Jen-Tse Wang1,2, Peng-Cheng Wang3, Shyr-Shen Yu4 pyu@nchu.edu.tw
Source: Optical Engineering. Sep2009, Vol. 48 Issue 9, p097004-1-097004-11. 11p.
Subjects: Digital image watermarking, Digital watermarking, Authentication (Law), Principal components analysis, Similarity transformations, Similarity (Geometry)
Abstract: Watermarking is a very important technique for protecting the authorization of digital content, such as still images, video streams, audio streams, and 3-D models. Most fragile watermarking schemes for 3-D models are not reversible. Published reversible or irreversible fragile watermarking schemes for 3-D models have many drawbacks, such as the causality problem, not being blind, or being unable to locate changed regions. To overcome these drawbacks, a reversible fragile watermarking scheme for 3-D models in spatial domain is proposed. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to produce the PCA coordinate system and make the system robust against similarity transformation attacks. PCA, together with a novel interval embedding technique, provide the blind reversibility of the proposed scheme. Intervals larger than a threshold and smaller than another threshold are adopted as legitimate to avoid large distortion. Moreover, experimental results show that the proposed scheme can overcome the causality, convergence, and confusion problems; provide both tampering detection and better embedding rate and requiring a small key size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Optical Engineering is the property of SPIE - International Society of Optical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Engineering Source
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DbLabel: Engineering Source
An: 61252202
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Reversible fragile watermarking scheme for three-dimensional models.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jen-Tse+Wang%22">Jen-Tse Wang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Peng-Cheng+Wang%22">Peng-Cheng Wang</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shyr-Shen+Yu%22">Shyr-Shen Yu</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><i> pyu@nchu.edu.tw</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Optical+Engineering%22">Optical Engineering</searchLink>. Sep2009, Vol. 48 Issue 9, p097004-1-097004-11. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Digital+image+watermarking%22">Digital image watermarking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Digital+watermarking%22">Digital watermarking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Authentication+%28Law%29%22">Authentication (Law)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Principal+components+analysis%22">Principal components analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Similarity+transformations%22">Similarity transformations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Similarity+%28Geometry%29%22">Similarity (Geometry)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Watermarking is a very important technique for protecting the authorization of digital content, such as still images, video streams, audio streams, and 3-D models. Most fragile watermarking schemes for 3-D models are not reversible. Published reversible or irreversible fragile watermarking schemes for 3-D models have many drawbacks, such as the causality problem, not being blind, or being unable to locate changed regions. To overcome these drawbacks, a reversible fragile watermarking scheme for 3-D models in spatial domain is proposed. Principal component analysis (PCA) is employed to produce the PCA coordinate system and make the system robust against similarity transformation attacks. PCA, together with a novel interval embedding technique, provide the blind reversibility of the proposed scheme. Intervals larger than a threshold and smaller than another threshold are adopted as legitimate to avoid large distortion. Moreover, experimental results show that the proposed scheme can overcome the causality, convergence, and confusion problems; provide both tampering detection and better embedding rate and requiring a small key size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Optical Engineering is the property of SPIE - International Society of Optical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1117/1.3223635
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 097004-1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Digital image watermarking
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Digital watermarking
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Authentication (Law)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Principal components analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Similarity transformations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Similarity (Geometry)
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Reversible fragile watermarking scheme for three-dimensional models.
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            NameFull: Jen-Tse Wang
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            NameFull: Peng-Cheng Wang
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            NameFull: Shyr-Shen Yu
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            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: Sep2009
              Type: published
              Y: 2009
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            – TitleFull: Optical Engineering
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