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Eye-Tracking Methodology to Detect Differences in Attention to Faces Between Developmental Language Disorder and Autism.

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Title: Eye-Tracking Methodology to Detect Differences in Attention to Faces Between Developmental Language Disorder and Autism.
Authors: Vacas, Julia1,2,3, Antolí, Adoración1,2,3 aantoli@uco.es, Sánchez-Raya, Araceli1,2,3, Pérez-Dueñas, Carolina1,2, Cuadrado, Fátima1,2
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Sep2024, Vol. 67 Issue 9, p3148-3162. 15p.
Subject Terms: *Autism, *Emotions, *Experimental design, *Language disorders, *Visual perception, *Asperger's syndrome, *Children, Statistical sampling, Descriptive statistics, Analysis of variance, Eye movements, Face perception
Abstract: Purpose: Developmental language disorder (DLD) and autism sometimes appear as overlapping conditions in behavioral tests. There is much literature on the visual scanning pattern (VSP) of faces in autistic children, but this is scarce regarding those with DLD. The purpose of this study was to compare the VSP of faces in young children with DLD, those with autism, and typically developing peers, assessing the effect of three variables. Method: Two eye-tracking experiments were designed to assess the effect of the emotion and the poser's gender (Experiment 1) and the poser's age (Experiment 2) on the VSP of participants (Experiment 1: N = 59, age range: 32-74 months; Experiment 2: N = 58, age range: 32-74 months). We operationalized the VSP in terms of attentional orientation, visual preference, and depth of processing of each sort of face. We developed two paired preference tasks in which pairs of images of faces showing different emotions were displayed simultaneously to compete for children's attention. Results: Data analysis revealed two VSP markers common to both disorders: (a) superficial processing of faces and (b) late orientation to angry and child faces. Moreover, one specific marker for each condition was also found: typical preference for child faces in children with DLD versus diminished preference for them in autistic children. Conclusions: Considering the similarities found between children with DLD and those with autism, difficulties of children with DLD in attention to faces have been systematically underestimated. Thus, more effort must be made to identify and respond to the needs of this population. Clinical practice may benefit from the potential of eye-tracking methodology and the analysis of the VSP to assess attention to faces in both conditions. This would also contribute to the improvement of early differential diagnosis in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Eye-Tracking Methodology to Detect Differences in Attention to Faces Between Developmental Language Disorder and Autism.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vacas%2C+Julia%22">Vacas, Julia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Antolí%2C+Adoración%22">Antolí, Adoración</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><i> aantoli@uco.es</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sánchez-Raya%2C+Araceli%22">Sánchez-Raya, Araceli</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pérez-Dueñas%2C+Carolina%22">Pérez-Dueñas, Carolina</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cuadrado%2C+Fátima%22">Cuadrado, Fátima</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Sep2024, Vol. 67 Issue 9, p3148-3162. 15p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autism%22">Autism</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotions%22">Emotions</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Experimental+design%22">Experimental design</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+disorders%22">Language disorders</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+perception%22">Visual perception</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Asperger's+syndrome%22">Asperger's syndrome</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+sampling%22">Statistical sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Analysis+of+variance%22">Analysis of variance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Eye+movements%22">Eye movements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Face+perception%22">Face perception</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose: Developmental language disorder (DLD) and autism sometimes appear as overlapping conditions in behavioral tests. There is much literature on the visual scanning pattern (VSP) of faces in autistic children, but this is scarce regarding those with DLD. The purpose of this study was to compare the VSP of faces in young children with DLD, those with autism, and typically developing peers, assessing the effect of three variables. Method: Two eye-tracking experiments were designed to assess the effect of the emotion and the poser's gender (Experiment 1) and the poser's age (Experiment 2) on the VSP of participants (Experiment 1: N = 59, age range: 32-74 months; Experiment 2: N = 58, age range: 32-74 months). We operationalized the VSP in terms of attentional orientation, visual preference, and depth of processing of each sort of face. We developed two paired preference tasks in which pairs of images of faces showing different emotions were displayed simultaneously to compete for children's attention. Results: Data analysis revealed two VSP markers common to both disorders: (a) superficial processing of faces and (b) late orientation to angry and child faces. Moreover, one specific marker for each condition was also found: typical preference for child faces in children with DLD versus diminished preference for them in autistic children. Conclusions: Considering the similarities found between children with DLD and those with autism, difficulties of children with DLD in attention to faces have been systematically underestimated. Thus, more effort must be made to identify and respond to the needs of this population. Clinical practice may benefit from the potential of eye-tracking methodology and the analysis of the VSP to assess attention to faces in both conditions. This would also contribute to the improvement of early differential diagnosis in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=179677802
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00109
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
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      – SubjectFull: Autism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language disorders
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      – SubjectFull: Visual perception
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      – SubjectFull: Asperger's syndrome
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      – SubjectFull: Children
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      – SubjectFull: Eye movements
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      – SubjectFull: Face perception
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              Text: Sep2024
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