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Coordination of Gaze and Speech in Communication Between Children With Hearing Impairment and Normal-Hearing Peers.

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Title: Coordination of Gaze and Speech in Communication Between Children With Hearing Impairment and Normal-Hearing Peers.
Authors: Sandgren, Olof1 olof.sandgren@med.lu.se, Andersson, Richard1, van de Weijer, Joost1, Hansson, Kristina1, Sahlén, Birgitta1
Source: Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research. Jun2014, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p942-951. 10p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs.
Subject Terms: *Audiometry, *Communication, *Conversation, *Verbal behavior, *Children, Chi-squared test, Confidence intervals, Eye movements, Hearing disorders in children, Nonverbal communication, Probability theory, Research funding, Speech, Video recording, Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier estimator, Eye movement measurements, Odds ratio
Abstract: Purpose: To investigate gaze behavior during communication between children with hearing impairment (HI) and normal-hearing (NH) peers. Method: Ten HI–NH and 10 NH–NH dyads performed a referential communication task requiring description of faces. During task performance, eye movements and speech were tracked. Using verbal event (questions, statements, back channeling, and silence) as the predictor variable, group characteristics in gaze behavior were expressed with Kaplan-Meier survival functions (estimating time to gaze-to-partner) and odds ratios (comparing number of verbal events with and without gaze-to-partner). Analyses compared the listeners in each dyad (HI: n = 10, mean age = 12;6 years, mean better ear pure-tone average = 33.0 dB HL; NH: n = 10, mean age = 13;7 years). Results: Log-rank tests revealed significant group differences in survival distributions for all verbal events, reflecting a higher probability of gaze to the partner’s face for participants with HI. Expressed as odds ratios (OR), participants with HI displayed greater odds for gaze-to-partner (ORs ranging between 1.2 and 2.1) during all verbal events. Conclusions: The results show an increased probability for listeners with HI to gaze at the speaker’s face in association with verbal events. Several explanations for the finding are possible, and implications for further research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Education Research Complete
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  Data: Coordination of Gaze and Speech in Communication Between Children With Hearing Impairment and Normal-Hearing Peers.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Speech%2C+Language+%26+Hearing+Research%22">Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research</searchLink>. Jun2014, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p942-951. 10p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Audiometry%22">Audiometry</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Communication%22">Communication</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Conversation%22">Conversation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Verbal+behavior%22">Verbal behavior</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chi-squared+test%22">Chi-squared test</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Eye+movements%22">Eye movements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hearing+disorders+in+children%22">Hearing disorders in children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nonverbal+communication%22">Nonverbal communication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Probability+theory%22">Probability theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech%22">Speech</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Video+recording%22">Video recording</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kaplan-Meier+estimator%22">Kaplan-Meier estimator</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Eye+movement+measurements%22">Eye movement measurements</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Odds+ratio%22">Odds ratio</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: To investigate gaze behavior during communication between children with hearing impairment (HI) and normal-hearing (NH) peers. Method: Ten HI–NH and 10 NH–NH dyads performed a referential communication task requiring description of faces. During task performance, eye movements and speech were tracked. Using verbal event (questions, statements, back channeling, and silence) as the predictor variable, group characteristics in gaze behavior were expressed with Kaplan-Meier survival functions (estimating time to gaze-to-partner) and odds ratios (comparing number of verbal events with and without gaze-to-partner). Analyses compared the listeners in each dyad (HI: n = 10, mean age = 12;6 years, mean better ear pure-tone average = 33.0 dB HL; NH: n = 10, mean age = 13;7 years). Results: Log-rank tests revealed significant group differences in survival distributions for all verbal events, reflecting a higher probability of gaze to the partner’s face for participants with HI. Expressed as odds ratios (OR), participants with HI displayed greater odds for gaze-to-partner (ORs ranging between 1.2 and 2.1) during all verbal events. Conclusions: The results show an increased probability for listeners with HI to gaze at the speaker’s face in association with verbal events. Several explanations for the finding are possible, and implications for further research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Speech, Language & Hearing Research is the property of American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=ehh&AN=96672899
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        Value: 10.1044/2013_JSLHR-L-12-0333
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Audiometry
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      – SubjectFull: Communication
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      – SubjectFull: Conversation
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              Text: Jun2014
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