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Potential Risk Assessment of Trace Metals Contamination in the Food Chain of Animals Within the Sargodha District of Punjab, Pakistan.

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Bibliographic Details
Title: Potential Risk Assessment of Trace Metals Contamination in the Food Chain of Animals Within the Sargodha District of Punjab, Pakistan.
Authors: Ali, Jamshed1 (AUTHOR) jamshed.raeesi@salu.edu.pk, Khan, Zafar I.2 (AUTHOR), Monzoor, Maloofa2 (AUTHOR), Jatoi, Wahid B.1 (AUTHOR), Jakhrani, Mushtaque A.1 (AUTHOR), Ahmad, Kafeel2 (AUTHOR), Ullah, Saif2 (AUTHOR), Waris, Muhammad3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology. Mar2026, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p1-14. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Copper, *Zinc, *Environmental impact analysis, *Bioaccumulation, *Food chains, *Provinces, *Pollution
Geographic Terms: Pakistan, Punjab (Pakistan)
Abstract: Assessment of trace metals copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in irrigation water, agricultural soil, various fodders, and animal wool is essential to determine the environmental impact on human health. Samples were collected from Manke Wala, Wegowal, and Jahanabad of the Shahpur tehsil in Sargodha district of Punjab, Pakistan. Wet-assisted acid digestion method was used for the digestion of the solid sample before analysis by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The certified reference materials and the standard addition method were used to validate the analysis. Concentration of Cu in irrigation water, agricultural soil, various fodders, and animal wool were found in the range of 1.23–3.66 mg L−1, 25.3–46.3 mg kg−1, 7.26–19.3 mg kg−1, and 4.58–10.3 mg kg−1, respectively. For Zn, the concentrations ranged from 1.35–5.58 mg L−1, 29.4–44.3 mg kg−1, 1.27–9.38 mg kg−1, and 0.08–1.13 mg kg−1, respectively. Notably, the observed Cu and Zn concentrations were lower than the WHO-recommended values, except for Cu in fodders. The pollution load index for Cu and Zn ranged from 0.01–2.41 and 0.7–1.0, respectively, exceeding permissible limits. The bio-concentration factor values for Cu and Zn in various fodder samples were in the range of 0.20–0.45 and 0.03–0.18, respectively. Most health index parameters were found to be below 1.0, except for PLI, indicating potential pollution concerns. The study found positive significant correlations between agricultural soil-fodder and fodder-wool samples in the studied locations. Further investigations are recommended to study the distribution of trace metals in agricultural soil and their bioaccumulation in the food chain of animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
Description
Abstract:Assessment of trace metals copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in irrigation water, agricultural soil, various fodders, and animal wool is essential to determine the environmental impact on human health. Samples were collected from Manke Wala, Wegowal, and Jahanabad of the Shahpur tehsil in Sargodha district of Punjab, Pakistan. Wet-assisted acid digestion method was used for the digestion of the solid sample before analysis by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The certified reference materials and the standard addition method were used to validate the analysis. Concentration of Cu in irrigation water, agricultural soil, various fodders, and animal wool were found in the range of 1.23–3.66 mg L−1, 25.3–46.3 mg kg−1, 7.26–19.3 mg kg−1, and 4.58–10.3 mg kg−1, respectively. For Zn, the concentrations ranged from 1.35–5.58 mg L−1, 29.4–44.3 mg kg−1, 1.27–9.38 mg kg−1, and 0.08–1.13 mg kg−1, respectively. Notably, the observed Cu and Zn concentrations were lower than the WHO-recommended values, except for Cu in fodders. The pollution load index for Cu and Zn ranged from 0.01–2.41 and 0.7–1.0, respectively, exceeding permissible limits. The bio-concentration factor values for Cu and Zn in various fodder samples were in the range of 0.20–0.45 and 0.03–0.18, respectively. Most health index parameters were found to be below 1.0, except for PLI, indicating potential pollution concerns. The study found positive significant correlations between agricultural soil-fodder and fodder-wool samples in the studied locations. Further investigations are recommended to study the distribution of trace metals in agricultural soil and their bioaccumulation in the food chain of animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
ISSN:00074861
DOI:10.1007/s00128-026-04199-x