A comprehensive review of fresh water production from atmospheric air – techniques, challenges and opportunities.
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| Title: | A comprehensive review of fresh water production from atmospheric air – techniques, challenges and opportunities. |
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| Authors: | Agrawal, Anshu1 (AUTHOR) anshuagrawalc54@gmail.com, Kumar, Amit1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Environment, Development & Sustainability. Mar2026, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p5731-5766. 36p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Water harvesting, *Solar energy, *Renewable energy sources, *Water shortages, *Energy consumption |
| Abstract: | The rapid expansion of human populations and industrial activity worldwide has led to a severe scarcity of fresh water, presenting a pressing issue that demands attention. While desalination of saltwater holds promise as a potential remedy, its practicality hinges on access to saline water sources and demands substantial energy consumption, often derived from non-renewable fossil fuels. Given these considerations, it is imperative to explore renewable energy-driven alternatives for meeting freshwater needs. As atmospheric air is the enormous renewable source of fresh water with 14,000 km³ of water in vapor form, harvesting water from atmospheric air is the modest solution to this problem. This review aims to thoroughly present the natural and mechanical techniques of fresh water harvesting from the atmospheric air carrying recent advances and limitations. Among the various technologies explored, one method centered on desiccant systems is examined, with subsequent sections providing a broad review of desiccant materials and the latest developments in available heat sources. Since, the sun emits 1.7 × 1014 kW energy to earth, the fresh water can be got harvested in an environmentally responsible manner. The novelty of this review is to uniquely deliver a comprehensive overview of existing innovations in water harvesting technologies that uses solar assisted desiccant system and further their comparative performance based on energy, exergy and cost parametric. To conclude the review, systems with optimum performance parameters are detailed that can harvest water at a 70% reduced cost. Additionally, future recommendations aims to speed-up the enlargement of marketable merchandise for air-to-water systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Database: | Energy & Power Source |
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| Abstract: | The rapid expansion of human populations and industrial activity worldwide has led to a severe scarcity of fresh water, presenting a pressing issue that demands attention. While desalination of saltwater holds promise as a potential remedy, its practicality hinges on access to saline water sources and demands substantial energy consumption, often derived from non-renewable fossil fuels. Given these considerations, it is imperative to explore renewable energy-driven alternatives for meeting freshwater needs. As atmospheric air is the enormous renewable source of fresh water with 14,000 km³ of water in vapor form, harvesting water from atmospheric air is the modest solution to this problem. This review aims to thoroughly present the natural and mechanical techniques of fresh water harvesting from the atmospheric air carrying recent advances and limitations. Among the various technologies explored, one method centered on desiccant systems is examined, with subsequent sections providing a broad review of desiccant materials and the latest developments in available heat sources. Since, the sun emits 1.7 × 1014 kW energy to earth, the fresh water can be got harvested in an environmentally responsible manner. The novelty of this review is to uniquely deliver a comprehensive overview of existing innovations in water harvesting technologies that uses solar assisted desiccant system and further their comparative performance based on energy, exergy and cost parametric. To conclude the review, systems with optimum performance parameters are detailed that can harvest water at a 70% reduced cost. Additionally, future recommendations aims to speed-up the enlargement of marketable merchandise for air-to-water systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 1387585X |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10668-024-05211-2 |
