Energy and Environmental Performance of Biodiesel Derived From Waste Vegetable and Animal Oils: Integrated Energy Balance, Process Optimization, and Feasibility Assessment.
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| Title: | Energy and Environmental Performance of Biodiesel Derived From Waste Vegetable and Animal Oils: Integrated Energy Balance, Process Optimization, and Feasibility Assessment. |
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| Authors: | Hamid, Atour1 (AUTHOR), Hussein, Hussein Fawzi1 (AUTHOR) hussein.f.hussein@src.edu.iq, Mahdi, Emad Jaleel1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | GCB Bioenergy. May2026, Vol. 18 Issue 5, p1-13. 13p. |
| Subject Terms: | *Biodiesel fuels, *Process optimization, *Feasibility studies, *Fats & oils, *Energy consumption, *Vegetable oils, *Ecological impact |
| Abstract (English): | This study quantifies the full energy and environmental performance of biodiesel produced from waste vegetable and animal oils (WVO/WAO) using a rigorously defined system boundary that covers feedstock collection and transport to the processing site, pre‐treatment, transesterification, phase separation, and washing/drying up to the plant gate. A transparent energy accounting framework was developed to apportion primary energy inputs associated with methanol consumption, transport diesel, electricity, and catalyst use, while explicitly propagating ±5% measurement uncertainty into the net energy ratio (NER). Experiments and reconciled calculations based on representative 75‐gal feedstock batches produced approximately 70–75 gal of specification‐compliant biodiesel (ASTM/EN), with glycerin co‐product credits treated conservatively. The representative batch yielded a Net Energy Ratio (NER) of 7.67, while sensitivity and optimization scenarios indicate that NER can approach approximately 7.8–8.2 (median ≈8.0), confirming a strong positive energy return that exceeds typical values reported for biodiesel derived from virgin vegetable oils and remains substantially higher than fossil diesel benchmarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Abstract (Arabic): | الملخص بالعربية: يهدف هذا البحث إلى تقييم الأداء الطاقوي والبيئي لإنتاج الديزل الحيوي من الزيوت النباتية والحيوانية المستهلكة باستخدام عملية الأسترة والتحويل المحفز بالقلوي. أظهرت النتائج تحقيق نسبة طاقة صافية (NER) تتراوح بين 7.8–8.2، وهي أعلى بكثير من مسارات الوقود الحيوي التقليدية. كما بيّن التحليل أن استرجاع الميثانول وتحسين لوجستيات النقل يؤديان إلى خفض ملموس في استهلاك الطاقة وتكاليف الإنتاج. تميّز الوقود المنتج بمطابقته لمعايير ASTM D6751 و EN 14214 من حيث اللزوجة، رقم السيتان، ونسبة الكبريت، مع خفضٍ لانبعاثات غازات الاحتباس الحراري تجاوز 85% مقارنةً بالديزل الأحفوري. يبرهن هذا العمل أن تحويل مخلفات الزيوت إلى وقود حيوي يمثل خياراً عملياً وفعالاً ضمن مفهوم الاقتصاد الدائري ويسهم في تحقيق أهداف الطاقة المتجددة والتنمية المستدامة لعام 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Database: | Energy & Power Source |
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| Abstract: | This study quantifies the full energy and environmental performance of biodiesel produced from waste vegetable and animal oils (WVO/WAO) using a rigorously defined system boundary that covers feedstock collection and transport to the processing site, pre‐treatment, transesterification, phase separation, and washing/drying up to the plant gate. A transparent energy accounting framework was developed to apportion primary energy inputs associated with methanol consumption, transport diesel, electricity, and catalyst use, while explicitly propagating ±5% measurement uncertainty into the net energy ratio (NER). Experiments and reconciled calculations based on representative 75‐gal feedstock batches produced approximately 70–75 gal of specification‐compliant biodiesel (ASTM/EN), with glycerin co‐product credits treated conservatively. The representative batch yielded a Net Energy Ratio (NER) of 7.67, while sensitivity and optimization scenarios indicate that NER can approach approximately 7.8–8.2 (median ≈8.0), confirming a strong positive energy return that exceeds typical values reported for biodiesel derived from virgin vegetable oils and remains substantially higher than fossil diesel benchmarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 17571693 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/gcbb.70110 |
