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Overcoming the HHV–Energy Recovery Tradeoff in Hydrothermal Carbonization of Water Hyacinth via Co-Biomass Selection and Citric Acid Catalysis.

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Title: Overcoming the HHV–Energy Recovery Tradeoff in Hydrothermal Carbonization of Water Hyacinth via Co-Biomass Selection and Citric Acid Catalysis.
Authors: Wutisirirattanachai, Tassapak1 (AUTHOR) tassapak.wu@gmail.com, Kohira, Yudai1,2 (AUTHOR), Lewoyehu, Mekuanint1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Fentie, Desalew3,4 (AUTHOR), Bhatia, Pranshu4,5 (AUTHOR), Fujiwara, Masaaki5,6 (AUTHOR), Addisu, Solomon1,6 (AUTHOR), Sato, Shinjiro1,2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Energies (19961073). Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p2541. 18p.
Subject Terms: *Hydrothermal carbonization, *Water hyacinth, *Heat of combustion, *First law of thermodynamics, *Waste products as fuel, *Biomass production, *Catalysis
Abstract: Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of wet biomass faces a fundamental tradeoff between higher heating value (HHV) and energy recovery (ER), where conditions that enhance carbon densification often reduce solid-phase energy retention. This study investigates whether co-biomass selection combined with citric acid (CA) catalysis can overcome this tradeoff in HTC of water hyacinth (WH), an invasive aquatic feedstock. WH was co-processed with wheat straw (WS), rice husk (RH), and chicken manure (CM) at 240–270 °C, with CA-assisted experiments performed at 240 °C. Individual feedstock HTC confirmed the HHV–ER tradeoff, and co-HTC without catalysis failed to resolve it. CA addition improved carbon densification but reduced ER when applied to WH alone. The WH–CM–CA system uniquely achieved a concurrent HHV of 21.3 MJ kg−1 and ER of 95.8%, with synergistic effects of 50.0% and 29.7%, respectively. FTIR and elemental analysis indicated that Maillard-type condensation between WH-derived sugars and CM-derived amino acids drove preferential solid-phase carbon retention. These findings demonstrate that resolving the HHV–ER tradeoff requires coupling CA catalysis with biochemical complementarity between carbohydrate-rich and protein-rich feedstocks. This approach provides a practical route for hydrochar production with high energy density and recovery for waste-to-energy applications, supporting circular and low-carbon valorization of invasive aquatic biomass and livestock waste streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Database: Energy & Power Source
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Header DbId: enr
DbLabel: Energy & Power Source
An: 194587929
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Overcoming the HHV–Energy Recovery Tradeoff in Hydrothermal Carbonization of Water Hyacinth via Co-Biomass Selection and Citric Acid Catalysis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Energies+%2819961073%29%22">Energies (19961073)</searchLink>. Jun2026, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p2541. 18p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrothermal+carbonization%22">Hydrothermal carbonization</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Water+hyacinth%22">Water hyacinth</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat+of+combustion%22">Heat of combustion</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22First+law+of+thermodynamics%22">First law of thermodynamics</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Waste+products+as+fuel%22">Waste products as fuel</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomass+production%22">Biomass production</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Catalysis%22">Catalysis</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of wet biomass faces a fundamental tradeoff between higher heating value (HHV) and energy recovery (ER), where conditions that enhance carbon densification often reduce solid-phase energy retention. This study investigates whether co-biomass selection combined with citric acid (CA) catalysis can overcome this tradeoff in HTC of water hyacinth (WH), an invasive aquatic feedstock. WH was co-processed with wheat straw (WS), rice husk (RH), and chicken manure (CM) at 240–270 °C, with CA-assisted experiments performed at 240 °C. Individual feedstock HTC confirmed the HHV–ER tradeoff, and co-HTC without catalysis failed to resolve it. CA addition improved carbon densification but reduced ER when applied to WH alone. The WH–CM–CA system uniquely achieved a concurrent HHV of 21.3 MJ kg−1 and ER of 95.8%, with synergistic effects of 50.0% and 29.7%, respectively. FTIR and elemental analysis indicated that Maillard-type condensation between WH-derived sugars and CM-derived amino acids drove preferential solid-phase carbon retention. These findings demonstrate that resolving the HHV–ER tradeoff requires coupling CA catalysis with biochemical complementarity between carbohydrate-rich and protein-rich feedstocks. This approach provides a practical route for hydrochar production with high energy density and recovery for waste-to-energy applications, supporting circular and low-carbon valorization of invasive aquatic biomass and livestock waste streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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        Value: 10.3390/en19112541
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 2541
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Hydrothermal carbonization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Water hyacinth
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Heat of combustion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: First law of thermodynamics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Waste products as fuel
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomass production
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Catalysis
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Overcoming the HHV–Energy Recovery Tradeoff in Hydrothermal Carbonization of Water Hyacinth via Co-Biomass Selection and Citric Acid Catalysis.
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 19
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              Value: 11
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