Beyond Family-Level Adversities: Exploring the Developmental Timing of Neighborhood Disadvantage Effects on the Brain
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| Title: | Beyond Family-Level Adversities: Exploring the Developmental Timing of Neighborhood Disadvantage Effects on the Brain |
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| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Gard, Arianna M. (ORCID |
| Source: | Developmental Science. Jan 2021 24(1). |
| Availability: | Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 15 |
| Publication Date: | 2021 |
| Sponsoring Agency: | National Institutes of Health (DHHS) National Science Foundation (NSF) |
| Contract Number: | T32HD00701936 R01HD036916 R01HD40421 R01MH103761 R01MH50907 R01MH01666 K05DA25630 R01DA026222 1519686 |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Research |
| Descriptors: | Brain, Disadvantaged Environment, Neighborhoods, Individual Development, Males, Economically Disadvantaged, Environmental Influences, Children, Adolescents, Young Adults, Age Differences |
| DOI: | 10.1111/desc.12985 |
| ISSN: | 1467-7687 |
| Abstract: | A growing literature suggests that adversity is associated with later altered brain function, particularly within the corticolimbic system that supports emotion processing and salience detection (e.g., amygdala, prefrontal cortex [PFC]). Although neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage has been shown to predict maladaptive behavioral outcomes, particularly for boys, most of the research linking adversity to corticolimbic function has focused on family-level adversities. Moreover, although animal models and studies of normative brain development suggest that there may be sensitive periods during which adversity exerts stronger effects on corticolimbic development, little prospective evidence exists in humans. Using two low-income samples of boys (n = 167; n = 77), Census-derived neighborhood disadvantage during early childhood, but not adolescence, was uniquely associated with greater amygdala, but not PFC, reactivity to ambiguous neutral faces in adolescence and young adulthood. These associations remained after accounting for several family-level adversities (e.g., low family income, harsh parenting), highlighting the independent and developmentally specific neural effects of the neighborhood context. Furthermore, in both samples, indicators measuring income and poverty status of neighbors were predictive of amygdala function, suggesting that neighborhood economic resources may be critical to brain development. |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Notes: | https://nda.nih.gov/edit_collection.html?id=2106 |
| Entry Date: | 2020 |
| Accession Number: | EJ1278309 |
| Database: | ERIC |
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| Abstract: | A growing literature suggests that adversity is associated with later altered brain function, particularly within the corticolimbic system that supports emotion processing and salience detection (e.g., amygdala, prefrontal cortex [PFC]). Although neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage has been shown to predict maladaptive behavioral outcomes, particularly for boys, most of the research linking adversity to corticolimbic function has focused on family-level adversities. Moreover, although animal models and studies of normative brain development suggest that there may be sensitive periods during which adversity exerts stronger effects on corticolimbic development, little prospective evidence exists in humans. Using two low-income samples of boys (n = 167; n = 77), Census-derived neighborhood disadvantage during early childhood, but not adolescence, was uniquely associated with greater amygdala, but not PFC, reactivity to ambiguous neutral faces in adolescence and young adulthood. These associations remained after accounting for several family-level adversities (e.g., low family income, harsh parenting), highlighting the independent and developmentally specific neural effects of the neighborhood context. Furthermore, in both samples, indicators measuring income and poverty status of neighbors were predictive of amygdala function, suggesting that neighborhood economic resources may be critical to brain development. |
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| ISSN: | 1467-7687 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/desc.12985 |
