Which Score for What? Operationalizing Standardized Cognitive Test Performance for the Assessment of Change
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| Title: | Which Score for What? Operationalizing Standardized Cognitive Test Performance for the Assessment of Change |
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| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Cristan Farmer, Audrey Thurm, Tanvi Das, E. Martina Bebin, Jonathan A. Bernstein, Elizabeth Berry-Kravis, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Charis Eng, Thomas Frazier, Antonio Y. Hardan, Alexander Kolevzon, Darcy A. Krueger, Julian A. Martinez-Agosto, Hope Northrup, Craig M. Powell, Latha Valluripalli Soorya, Joyce Y. Wu, Mustafa Sahin |
| Source: | American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. 2025 130(5):344-361. |
| Availability: | American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. P.O. Box 1897, Lawrence, KS 66044-1897. Tel: 785-843-1235; Fax: 785-843-1274; e-mail: AJMR@allenpress.com; Web site: https://meridian.allenpress.com/aaidd |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 18 |
| Publication Date: | 2025 |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Research |
| Descriptors: | Cognitive Tests, Intelligence Tests, Cognitive Ability, Intellectual Disability, Developmental Disabilities, Scores, Test Use, Test Interpretation, Genetic Disorders, Longitudinal Studies, Change, Standardized Tests |
| Assessment and Survey Identifiers: | Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale |
| DOI: | 10.1352/1944-7558-130.5.344 |
| ISSN: | 1944-7515 1944-7558 |
| Abstract: | Developmental domains, such as cognitive, language, and motor, are key concepts of interest in longitudinal studies of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Normative scores (e.g., IQ) are often used to operationalize performance on standardized tests of these concepts, but it is the interval-distributed person-ability scores that are intended for the assessment of within-individual change. Here we illustrate the use and interpretation of several Stanford Binet, 5th Edition score types (IQ, extended IQ, Z-normalized raw score, developmental quotient, raw sum score, age equivalent, and ability score) using data from two longitudinal studies of rare genetic conditions associated with IDD. We found that, although normality assumptions were tenuous for all score types, floor effects led to model unsuitability for longitudinal analysis of most types of norm-referenced scores, and that the validity of interpretation with respect to individual change was best for ability scores. [This article was authored on behalf of the Developmental Synaptopathies Consortium.] |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Entry Date: | 2025 |
| Accession Number: | EJ1482497 |
| Database: | ERIC |
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| Abstract: | Developmental domains, such as cognitive, language, and motor, are key concepts of interest in longitudinal studies of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Normative scores (e.g., IQ) are often used to operationalize performance on standardized tests of these concepts, but it is the interval-distributed person-ability scores that are intended for the assessment of within-individual change. Here we illustrate the use and interpretation of several Stanford Binet, 5th Edition score types (IQ, extended IQ, Z-normalized raw score, developmental quotient, raw sum score, age equivalent, and ability score) using data from two longitudinal studies of rare genetic conditions associated with IDD. We found that, although normality assumptions were tenuous for all score types, floor effects led to model unsuitability for longitudinal analysis of most types of norm-referenced scores, and that the validity of interpretation with respect to individual change was best for ability scores. [This article was authored on behalf of the Developmental Synaptopathies Consortium.] |
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| ISSN: | 1944-7515 1944-7558 |
| DOI: | 10.1352/1944-7558-130.5.344 |
