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Teacher Licensure and Workforce Quality: Insights from the First Wave of COVID-Era Emergency Licenses in Massachusetts

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Title: Teacher Licensure and Workforce Quality: Insights from the First Wave of COVID-Era Emergency Licenses in Massachusetts
Language: English
Authors: Olivia L. Chi (ORCID 0009-0003-4144-8338), Andrew Bacher-Hicks (ORCID 0000-0002-8293-8734), Ariel Tichnor-Wagner, Sidrah Baloch
Source: Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. 2026 48(2):773-784.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 12
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: COVID-19, Pandemics, Teacher Certification, Alternative Teacher Certification, Teacher Employment, Teacher Qualifications, Emergency Programs, Beginning Teachers, Teacher Effectiveness, Teacher Evaluation, Faculty Mobility, Teacher Education Programs
Geographic Terms: Massachusetts
DOI: 10.3102/01623737251329345
ISSN: 0162-3737
1935-1062
Abstract: Much recent policy debate focuses on whether states should reduce teacher licensure requirements to ease the burdens of recruiting high-quality teachers. We examine the effectiveness of individuals who entered the teacher workforce in Massachusetts during the pandemic by obtaining an emergency license, which requires only a bachelor's degree. In 2021-22, newly hired emergency licensed teachers had similar measures of student test score growth as their traditionally licensed peers. However, emergency licensed teachers with the least prior investment in teaching had lower on-the-job performance in English Language Arts and were more likely to leave teaching following the 2021-22 school year. These results encourage the creation of additional flexibility in licensure requirements for those who have demonstrated prior efforts to join the educator pipeline.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1505947
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Teacher Licensure and Workforce Quality: Insights from the First Wave of COVID-Era Emergency Licenses in Massachusetts
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Olivia+L%2E+Chi%22">Olivia L. Chi</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4144-8338">0009-0003-4144-8338</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Andrew+Bacher-Hicks%22">Andrew Bacher-Hicks</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8293-8734">0000-0002-8293-8734</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ariel+Tichnor-Wagner%22">Ariel Tichnor-Wagner</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sidrah+Baloch%22">Sidrah Baloch</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Educational+Evaluation+and+Policy+Analysis%22"><i>Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis</i></searchLink>. 2026 48(2):773-784.
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  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 12
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19%22">COVID-19</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pandemics%22">Pandemics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Certification%22">Teacher Certification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alternative+Teacher+Certification%22">Alternative Teacher Certification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Employment%22">Teacher Employment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Qualifications%22">Teacher Qualifications</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emergency+Programs%22">Emergency Programs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Beginning+Teachers%22">Beginning Teachers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Effectiveness%22">Teacher Effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Evaluation%22">Teacher Evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Faculty+Mobility%22">Faculty Mobility</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Education+Programs%22">Teacher Education Programs</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Massachusetts%22">Massachusetts</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
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  Data: 10.3102/01623737251329345
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 0162-3737<br />1935-1062
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Much recent policy debate focuses on whether states should reduce teacher licensure requirements to ease the burdens of recruiting high-quality teachers. We examine the effectiveness of individuals who entered the teacher workforce in Massachusetts during the pandemic by obtaining an emergency license, which requires only a bachelor's degree. In 2021-22, newly hired emergency licensed teachers had similar measures of student test score growth as their traditionally licensed peers. However, emergency licensed teachers with the least prior investment in teaching had lower on-the-job performance in English Language Arts and were more likely to leave teaching following the 2021-22 school year. These results encourage the creation of additional flexibility in licensure requirements for those who have demonstrated prior efforts to join the educator pipeline.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1505947
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1505947
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        Value: 10.3102/01623737251329345
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 773
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: COVID-19
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pandemics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Certification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Alternative Teacher Certification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Employment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Qualifications
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emergency Programs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Beginning Teachers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Effectiveness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Faculty Mobility
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Education Programs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Massachusetts
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Teacher Licensure and Workforce Quality: Insights from the First Wave of COVID-Era Emergency Licenses in Massachusetts
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            NameFull: Sidrah Baloch
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              M: 06
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              Y: 2026
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