A Phenomenographic Study of Competence in Baking: Foundations for Learning Study
Saved in:
| Title: | A Phenomenographic Study of Competence in Baking: Foundations for Learning Study |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Noor Amal Azirah Azlan (ORCID |
| Source: | International Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies. 2026 15(2):179-195. |
| Availability: | Emerald Publishing Limited. Howard House, Wagon Lane, Bingley, West Yorkshire, BD16 1WA, UK. Tel: +44-1274-777700; Fax: +44-1274-785201; e-mail: emerald@emeraldinsight.com; Web site: http://www.emerald.com/insight |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 17 |
| Publication Date: | 2026 |
| Intended Audience: | Teachers |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Research |
| Education Level: | Higher Education Postsecondary Education Two Year Colleges |
| Descriptors: | Cooking Instruction, Competence, Apprenticeships, Foreign Countries, Career and Technical Education Teachers, Career and Technical Education, Two Year College Students, Food Service, Service Occupations |
| Geographic Terms: | Brunei |
| DOI: | 10.1108/IJLLS-04-2025-0113 |
| ISSN: | 2046-8253 |
| Abstract: | Purpose: The study aims to identify a hierarchy of conceptions of competence in baking that can serve as a foundation for applying learning study and improving teachers' professional development in teaching pastry and bakery modules. The study was guided by the question: Using phenomenography, what are the qualitatively different ways of experiencing competence at work among apprenticeship students, teachers and expert practitioners in baking? Design/methodology/approach: Using the interpretivist perspective, this phenomenographic study draws on semi-structured interviews with 25 participants, including apprenticeship students, teachers, and bakers or pastry chefs in Brunei Darussalam. Participants were purposefully selected to represent varied experiences, with data collected over six months. Findings: From a phenomenographic analysis of all the interview transcripts, an outcome space of four categories of competence in baking was revealed. From these, we can see that the categories represent four qualitatively different ways of experiencing competence in baking, which also reveal the students' conceptions and misconceptions of baking. This approach provides a foundational framework for structuring a learning study within pastry and bakery modules. Originality/value: By revealing how students understand baking, the study offers actionable insights for teachers. By applying variation theory and learning study, teachers can design targeted interventions to shift students' conceptions. This supports more effective teaching and enhances competence development in technical and vocational education. |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Entry Date: | 2026 |
| Accession Number: | EJ1506266 |
| Database: | ERIC |
| Abstract: | Purpose: The study aims to identify a hierarchy of conceptions of competence in baking that can serve as a foundation for applying learning study and improving teachers' professional development in teaching pastry and bakery modules. The study was guided by the question: Using phenomenography, what are the qualitatively different ways of experiencing competence at work among apprenticeship students, teachers and expert practitioners in baking? Design/methodology/approach: Using the interpretivist perspective, this phenomenographic study draws on semi-structured interviews with 25 participants, including apprenticeship students, teachers, and bakers or pastry chefs in Brunei Darussalam. Participants were purposefully selected to represent varied experiences, with data collected over six months. Findings: From a phenomenographic analysis of all the interview transcripts, an outcome space of four categories of competence in baking was revealed. From these, we can see that the categories represent four qualitatively different ways of experiencing competence in baking, which also reveal the students' conceptions and misconceptions of baking. This approach provides a foundational framework for structuring a learning study within pastry and bakery modules. Originality/value: By revealing how students understand baking, the study offers actionable insights for teachers. By applying variation theory and learning study, teachers can design targeted interventions to shift students' conceptions. This supports more effective teaching and enhances competence development in technical and vocational education. |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 2046-8253 |
| DOI: | 10.1108/IJLLS-04-2025-0113 |
