The structure of liquid carbon elucidated by in situ X-ray diffraction.

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Title: The structure of liquid carbon elucidated by in situ X-ray diffraction.
Authors: Kraus D; Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany. dominik.kraus@uni-rostock.de.; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany. dominik.kraus@uni-rostock.de., Rips J; Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany., Schörner M; Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany., Stevenson MG; Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany., Vorberger J; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany., Ranjan D; Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany.; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany., Lütgert J; Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany., Heuser B; Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany., Eggert JH; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA., Liermann HP; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany., Oleynik II; Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA., Pandolfi S; Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Insitut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Paris, France., Redmer R; Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany., Sollier A; CEA DAM Île-de-France, Arpajon, France.; Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Bruyères-le-Châtel, France., Strohm C; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany., Volz TJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA., Albertazzi B; Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France., Ali SJ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA., Antonelli L; York Plasma Institute, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, UK., Bähtz C; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany., Ball OB; SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Banerjee S; Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK., Belonoshko AB; Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China., Bolme CA; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA., Bouffetier V; European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany., Briggs R; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA., Buakor K; European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany., Butcher T; Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK., Cerantola V; Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy., Chantel J; Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Lille, France., Coleman AL; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA., Collier J; Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK., Collins GW; Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA., Comley AJ; AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, UK., Cowan TE; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany., Cristoforetti G; Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy., Cynn H; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA., Descamps A; School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK., Di Cicco A; School of Science and Technology, Physics Division, Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy., Di Dio Cafiso S; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany., Dorchies F; CELIA, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, Talence, France., Duff MJ; SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Dwivedi A; European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany., Edwards C; Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK., Errandonea D; Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain., Galitskiy S; Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA., Galtier E; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA., Ginestet H; Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Lille, France., Gizzi L; Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy., Gleason A; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA., Göde S; European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany., Gonzalez JM; Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA., Gorman MG; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA.; First Light Fusion, Oxford, UK., Harmand M; Institut Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Université UMR CNRS, Paris, France.; PIMM, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Cnam, HESAM University, Paris, France., Hartley NJ; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA., Heighway PG; Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Hernandez-Gomez C; Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK., Higginbotham A; York Plasma Institute, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, UK., Höppner H; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany., Husband RJ; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany., Hutchinson TM; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA., Hwang H; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.; Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea., Keen DA; ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK., Kim J; Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea., Koester P; CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, (CNR - INO), Florence, Italy., Konôpková Z; European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany., Krygier A; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA., Labate L; CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, (CNR - INO), Florence, Italy., Laso Garcia A; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany., Lazicki AE; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA., Lee Y; Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea., Mason P; Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK., Masruri M; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany., Massani B; SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., McBride EE; School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK., McHardy JD; SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., McGonegle D; AWE, Aldermaston, Reading, UK., McGuire C; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA., McWilliams RS; SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Merkel S; Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, Lille, France., Morard G; University of Grenoble Alpes, University of Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, University of Gustave Eiffel, ISTerre, Grenoble, France., Nagler B; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA., Nakatsutsumi M; European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany., Nguyen-Cong K; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA., Norton AM; York Plasma Institute, School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, UK., Ozaki N; Graduate School of Engineering, University of Osaka, Suita, Osaka, Japan., Otzen C; Institut für Geo- und Umweltnaturwissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany., Peake DJ; Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Pelka A; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany., Pereira KA; Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA., Phillips JP; Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK., Prescher C; Institut für Geo- und Umweltnaturwissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany., Preston TR; European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany., Randolph L; European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany., Ravasio A; Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France., Santamaria-Perez D; Departamento de Fisica Aplicada, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain., Savage DJ; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA., Schölmerich M; Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland., Schwinkendorf JP; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany., Singh S; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA., Smith J; Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK., Smith RF; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA., Spear J; Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK., Spindloe C; Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK., Suer TA; Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA., Tang M; Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany., Toncian M; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany., Toncian T; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany., Tracy SJ; Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Science, Washington, DC, USA., Trapananti A; School of Science and Technology, Physics Division, Università di Camerino, Camerino, Italy., Vennari CE; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA., Vinci T; Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France., Tyldesley M; Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK., Vogel SC; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA., Walsh JPS; Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA., Wark JS; Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Willman JT; Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA., Wollenweber L; European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany., Zastrau U; European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany., Brambrink E; European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany., Appel K; European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany., McMahon MI; SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Source: Nature [Nature] 2025 Jun; Vol. 642 (8067), pp. 351-355. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 21.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0410462 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-4687 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00280836 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nature Subsets: MEDLINE; PubMed not MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:1476-4687
DOI:10.1038/s41586-025-09035-6