A pluralistic approach to interpreting surveillance data: The likely decline in the occurrence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Title: A pluralistic approach to interpreting surveillance data: The likely decline in the occurrence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Shimbashi R; Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: shimbashir@niid.go.jp., Arima Y; Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: arima@niid.go.jp., Yahara K; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Masutani M; Field Epidemiology Training Program, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Kasamatsu A; Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Fukusumi M; Center for Field Epidemic Intelligence, Research and Professional Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Kajihara T; Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Arashiro T; Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Takahashi T; Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Otsuka M; Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Kobayashi Y; Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Center for Field Epidemic Intelligence, Research and Professional Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Komase K; Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Tsuchihashi Y; Center for Field Epidemic Intelligence, Research and Professional Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Chang B; Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Amemura-Maekawa J; Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Sunagawa T; Center for Field Epidemic Intelligence, Research and Professional Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Suzuki M; Center for Surveillance, Immunization, and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan., Akeda Y; Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Source: Annals of epidemiology [Ann Epidemiol] 2025 Aug; Vol. 108, pp. 63-70. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 15.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9100013 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2585 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10472797 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Epidemiol Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:1873-2585
DOI:10.1016/j.annepidem.2025.06.008