Evaluating large language model-generated brain MRI protocols: performance of GPT4o, o3-mini, DeepSeek-R1 and Qwen2.5-72B.

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Title: Evaluating large language model-generated brain MRI protocols: performance of GPT4o, o3-mini, DeepSeek-R1 and Qwen2.5-72B.
Authors: Kim SH; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. suhwan.kim@tum.de.; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. suhwan.kim@tum.de., Schramm S; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Schmitzer L; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Serguen K; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Ziegelmayer S; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Busch F; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Komenda A; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Makowski MR; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Adams LC; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Bressem KK; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.; Department of Cardiovascular Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Zimmer C; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Kirschke J; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Wiestler B; AI for Image-Guided Diagnosis and Therapy, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Hedderich D; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Finck T; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany., Bodden J; Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Source: European radiology [Eur Radiol] 2026 Mar; Vol. 36 (3), pp. 1644-1655. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 03.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Springer International Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9114774 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1084 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09387994 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur Radiol Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:1432-1084
DOI:10.1007/s00330-025-11989-0