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Persistent progression independent of relapse activity in multiple sclerosis.

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Title: Persistent progression independent of relapse activity in multiple sclerosis.
Authors: Zhu C; Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia., Zhou Z; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia., Kalincik T; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia., Roos I; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.; Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia., Buzzard K; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia.; Department of Neurology, Box Hill Hospital, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia., Skibina O; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia.; Department of Neurology, Box Hill Hospital, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia.; Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia., Alroughani R; Amiri Hospital, Sharq 73767, Kuwait., Kuhle J; University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel 4000, Switzerland., Girard M; CHUM and Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada, H2L 4M1., Grammond P; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache, Levis, Canada, G6X 0A1., Lechner-Scott J; University Newcastle, Newcastle 2035, Australia.; Hunter New England Health, New Lambton, NSW 2050, Australia., Gerlach O; Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen 5500, Netherlands.; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6131, Netherlands., John N; School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia., McCombe P; Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane 4000, Australia., Macdonell R; Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, Australia., van Pesch V; Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels 1200, Belgium., Laureys G; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent 9000, Belgium., Prevost J; CSSS Saint-Jérôme, Saint-Jerome, Canada, J7Z 5T3., Horakova D; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague 12808, Czech Republic., Kubala Havrdova E; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague 12808, Czech Republic., Castillo-Triviño T; Hospital Universitario Donostia and IIS Biodonostia, San Sebastián 20014, Spain., Ramo-Tello C; Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 8916, Spain., Blanco Y; Center of Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona 8916, Spain., Meca-Lallana JE; Multiple Sclerosis CSUR and Clinical Neuroimmunology Unit, Neurology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia 30120, Spain., Lugaresi A; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy.; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy., Tomassini V; Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66013, Italy., Cartechini E; Neurology Unit, AST Macerata, Macerata 62100, Italy., Amato MP; Department Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence 50123, Italy.; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence 50143, Italy., Spitaleri D; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino, Avellino 83100, Italy., Patti F; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, GF Ingrassia, Catania 95123, Italy., Maimone D; Azienda Opsedaliera per l'Emergenza Cannizzaro, Catania 95126, Italy., Foschi M; Department of Neuroscience, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna 48121, Italy., Surcinelli A; Department of Neuroscience, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna 48121, Italy., D'Amico E; Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universita di Foggia, Foggia 71122, Italy., Yamout B; Neurology Institute, Harley Street Medical Center, Abu Dhabi 00000, UAE., Khoury SJ; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon., Jose Sa M; Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Sao Joao, Porto 4200-319, Portugal., Boz C; Department of Neurology, Karadeniz Technical University, Medical Faculty, Trabzon 61080, Turkey., Ozakbas S; Izmir University of Economics, Medical Point Hospital, Izmir 35575, Turkey., Weinstock-Guttman B; Department of Neurology, Jacobs MS Center for Treatment and Research  14203, United States., Merlo D; Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia., Monif M; Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.; Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia., Jokubaitis VG; Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.; Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia., van der Walt A; Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.; Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia., Butzkueven H; Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.; Department of Neurology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
Source: Brain communications [Brain Commun] 2025 Aug 21; Vol. 7 (5), pp. fcaf306. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 21 (Print Publication: 2025).
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101755125 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2632-1297 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 26321297 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Brain Commun Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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ISSN:2632-1297
DOI:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf306