ChatGPT-4o, Gemini Advanced and DeepSeek R1 in preoperative decision-making for thyroid surgery: a comparative assessment with human surgeons.

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Title: ChatGPT-4o, Gemini Advanced and DeepSeek R1 in preoperative decision-making for thyroid surgery: a comparative assessment with human surgeons.
Authors: Zou L; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, China., Zhang P; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, China., Jiang YQ; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, China., Wang XW; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, China., Yan XJ; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, China., Wu JZ; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, China., Qi J; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, China., Li WC; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, China., Cai QQ; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, China., Xuan ZR; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, China., Hu KP; Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Lingnan Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
Source: Frontiers in oncology [Front Oncol] 2025 Oct 24; Vol. 15, pp. 1590230. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 24 (Print Publication: 2025).
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101568867 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2234-943X (Print) Linking ISSN: 2234943X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Oncol Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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ISSN:2234-943X
DOI:10.3389/fonc.2025.1590230