Does ambient PM2.5 reduce the protective association of leisure-time physical activity with mortality? A systematic review, meta-analysis, and individual-level pooled analysis of cohort studies involving 1.5 million adults.

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Title: Does ambient PM2.5 reduce the protective association of leisure-time physical activity with mortality? A systematic review, meta-analysis, and individual-level pooled analysis of cohort studies involving 1.5 million adults.
Authors: Ku PW; Graduate Institute of Sports and Health Management, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.; Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK., Steptoe A; Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK., Hamer M; Institute of Sport Exercise and Health, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK., Zaninotto P; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK., Stamatakis E; Charles Perkins Centre, Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia., Lin CH; Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan., Yu B; Institute of Applied Psychology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.; Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China., Hvidtfeldt UA; Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark., Lao XQ; Department of Biomedical Sciences,, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China., Lin HH; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan., Lo WC; Master Program in Applied Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan., Raaschou-Nielsen O; Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark., Sun S; School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China., Tian L; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China., Wang SF; Department of Geography, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500, Taiwan., Zeng Y; Department of Biomedical Sciences,, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China., Zhang Y; School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Chen ST; Department of Tourism, Recreation, and Leisure Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan., Huang CF; Graduate Institute of Sports and Health Management, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan., Xia Y; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. yxia@cmu.edu.cn., Chen LJ; Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, 404, Taiwan. ljchen@gm.ntus.edu.tw.; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK. ljchen@gm.ntus.edu.tw.
Source: BMC medicine [BMC Med] 2025 Nov 28; Vol. 23 (1), pp. 647. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 28.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis
Journal Info: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101190723 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1741-7015 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17417015 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:1741-7015
DOI:10.1186/s12916-025-04496-y