Evidence of heterogeneity in the opioid withdrawal syndrome: Spontaneous and precipitated withdrawal.

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Title: Evidence of heterogeneity in the opioid withdrawal syndrome: Spontaneous and precipitated withdrawal.
Authors: Martinez S; Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA. Electronic address: smart209@jh.edu., Jones JD; Division on Substance Use Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, 15251 Pleasant Valley Road, Center City, MN, 55012, USA., Dunn KE; Kahlert Institute for Addiction Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA., Huhn A; Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA., Lile JA; Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Medical Behavioral Science Building, 1100 Veterans Dr., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA., Shellenberg TP; Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Medical Behavioral Science Building, 1100 Veterans Dr., Lexington, KY, 40536, USA., Brandt L; Department of Psychology, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave., New York, NY, 10031, USA.
Source: Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior [Pharmacol Biochem Behav] 2026 Mar; Vol. 260, pp. 174153. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jan 09.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0367050 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-5177 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00913057 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pharmacol Biochem Behav Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:1873-5177
DOI:10.1016/j.pbb.2026.174153