Cognition beyond relapses: cognitive progression independent of relapse activity reflects early smoldering neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.

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Title: Cognition beyond relapses: cognitive progression independent of relapse activity reflects early smoldering neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.
Authors: Ziccardi S; Neurology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy., Fuchs TA; MS Center Amsterdam, Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Martinelli L; Clinical and Evaluation Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy., Maltempo T; Neurology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy., Guarnaccia F; Neurology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy., Crescenzo F; Neurology Unit, Mater Salutis Hospital, Legnago, Italy., Guandalini M; Neurology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy., Schiavi GM; Neurology Unit, Pederzoli Hospital, Peschiera del Garda, Italy., Bajrami A; Neurology Unit, Emergency Department, S. Chiara Hospital, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy., Tamanti A; Neurology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy., Camera V; Neurology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy., Marastoni D; Neurology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy., Benedict RHB; Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA., Calabrese M; Neurology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Multiple Sclerosis Centre, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy. Electronic address: massimiliano.calabrese@univr.it.
Source: Multiple sclerosis and related disorders [Mult Scler Relat Disord] 2026 Apr; Vol. 108, pp. 107080. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 16.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier B. V Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101580247 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2211-0356 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22110348 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mult Scler Relat Disord Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:2211-0356
DOI:10.1016/j.msard.2026.107080