Impact of Imaging Acquisition and Protocol Variability on Artificial Intelligence Model Performance: A Secondary Analysis of the ASFNR Artificial Intelligence Competition.

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Title: Impact of Imaging Acquisition and Protocol Variability on Artificial Intelligence Model Performance: A Secondary Analysis of the ASFNR Artificial Intelligence Competition.
Authors: Zhu G; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Ozkara BB; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Allen JW; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Barboriak DP; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Chaudhari R; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Chen H; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Chukus A; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Etter M; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Filippi CG; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Flanders AE; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Godwin R; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Hashmi S; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Hess C; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Hsu K; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Jiang B; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Lui YW; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Maldjian JA; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Michel P; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Nalawade SS; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Raghavan P; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Sair HI; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Welker K; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Whitlow CT; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Zaharchuk G; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Wintermark M; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. max.wintermark@gmail.com.
Source: AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology [AJNR Am J Neuroradiol] 2026 Feb 27. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 27.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: American Society of Neuroradiology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8003708 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1936-959X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01956108 NLM ISO Abbreviation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:1936-959X
DOI:10.3174/ajnr.A9266