The potential role of adenosinergic pathway and methylxanthines in Parkinson's disease: Blowing in the wind or not.

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Title: The potential role of adenosinergic pathway and methylxanthines in Parkinson's disease: Blowing in the wind or not.
Authors: Ismail A; School of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia., Al-Kuraishy HM; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq., Al-Gareeb AI; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine Jabir Ibn, Hayyan Medical University, Al-Ameer Qu./, Najaf, Iraq., Albuhadily AK; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq., Alkazmi LM; Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia., Albukhari AF; College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia., Shokr MM; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Arish Branch, Arish, 45511, Egypt. mostafa.mohsen@su.edu.eg., Alexiou A; University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.; Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia.; Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece.; Department of Research & Development, AFNP Med, Vienna, Austria., Papadakis M; Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany. drmariospapadakis@gmail.com., Batiha GE; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt. Gaberelsaberbatiha@gmail.com.
Source: Purinergic signalling [Purinergic Signal] 2026 Mar 09; Vol. 22 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 09.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Review
Journal Info: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101250499 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-9546 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15739538 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Purinergic Signal Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:1573-9546
DOI:10.1007/s11302-025-10114-6