Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)-EAACI Guidelines-2024-2025 Revision: Part II-Guidelines on Oral and Ocular Treatments.

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Title: Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma (ARIA)-EAACI Guidelines-2024-2025 Revision: Part II-Guidelines on Oral and Ocular Treatments.
Authors: Vieira RJ; MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE-Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Sousa-Pinto B; MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE-Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Bousquet J; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany.; ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma), Montpellier, France., Schünemann HJ; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany.; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy., Zuberbier T; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany., Bognanni A; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy., Togias A; Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Samolinski B; Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards, Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland., Valiulis A; Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.; Clinic of Asthma, Allergy and Chronic Lung Diseases, Vilnius, Lithuania., Williams S; International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG, Edinburgh, UK., Bedbrook A; ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma), Montpellier, France., Czarlewski W; ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma), Montpellier, France., Torres MJ; Allergy Unit, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Malaga University, ARADyAL, Malaga, Spain., Shamji MH; National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College, London, UK.; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK., Morais-Almeida M; Allergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal., Canonica GW; Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.; Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy., Vecillas LL; Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain., Dykewicz MS; Section of Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA., Jacomelli C; 'Respiriamo Insieme' Association, Asthma & Allergy Center, Padova, Italy., Klimek L; Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; Allergology & Rhinology Department, Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany., Leemann L; Department of Political Science, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland., Lourenço O; RISE-Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal., Papadopoulos NG; Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Pereira AM; MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE-Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Allergy Unit, Instituto and Hospital CUF, Porto, Portugal., Savouré M; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain., Toppila-Salmi SK; Department of Allergy, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Eastern Finland and the North Savo Wellbeing Services County, Kuopio, Finland., Ventura MT; University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.; Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), Bari, Italy., Yepes-Nuñez JJ; School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.; Pulmonology Service, Internal Medicine Section, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, University Hospital, Bogotá, DC, Colombia., Cruz AA; Fundacao ProAR and (Faculdade de Medicina da) Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil., Ciprandi G; Allergology Department, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, Genova, Italy., Gemicioglu B; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Institute of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey., Giovannini M; Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.; Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy., Gradauskiene B; Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania., Jartti T; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland., Jeseňák M; Institute of Clinical Immunology and Medical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pulmonology and Phthisiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Martin, Slovakia.; Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.; University Hospital Martin, Martin, Slovakia., Kuna P; Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland., Kvedariene V; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Chest Diseases and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania., Larenas-Linnemann DE; Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital, México City, Mexico., Latiff AHA; Allergy & Immunology Centre, Pantai Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Mohammad Y; National Center for Research in Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Collaborating With WHO-EMRO Tishreen University School of Medicine, Latakia, Syria.; Pharmacy Department, Al-Sham Private University, Damascus, Syria., Ohta K; Japan Antituberculosis Association (JATA), Fukujuji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan., Mahesh PA; Department of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India., Pali-Schöll I; Department of Biological Sciences and Pathophysiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria., Pfaar O; Section of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany., Regateiro FS; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.; Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.; RISE-Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, and UBIAir-Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal., Roche N; Pneumologie, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.; UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.; Inserm, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France., Taborda-Barata L; RISE-Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, and UBIAir-Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.; Department of Immunoallergology, Unidade Local de Saúde, Cova da Beira, Covilhã, Portugal., Ulrik CS; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Viegi G; Pulmonary Environmental Epidemiology Unit, CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy., Zhang L; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China., Haahtela T; Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Cherrez-Ojeda I; Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador.; Department of Allergology & Pulmonology, Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador., Ivancevich JC; Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Khaltaev N; Global NCD Platform, Geneva, Switzerland., Yorgancioglu A; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey., Abdullah B; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia., Al-Ahmad M; Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait., Al-Nesf MA; Adult Allergy and Immunology Division-Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar., Amaral R; MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE-Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Porto Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Paediatric Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden., Asllani J; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania., Bergmann KC; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany., Bernstein JA; Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA., Blaiss MS; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA., Toskala E; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA., Carreiro-Martins P; NOVA Medical School/Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal.; Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central/ULS São José, Lisbon, Portugal., Casale T; Division of Allergy/Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA., Cecchi L; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy., Fiocchi A; Allergy Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy., Giuliano AFM; Clinica Medica 'A. Murri', Department of Preventive and Regenerative and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', AOUC Policlinico Hospital, Bari, Italy., Christoff G; Bulgarian Alliance for Clinical and Translational Allergy, Sofia, Bulgaria., Cirule I; Latvian Association of Allergists, University Children Hospital, Riga, Latvia., de Sousa JC; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal., Costa EM; CINTESIS@RISE, Biochemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy and Competence Center on Active and Healthy Ageing, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Devillier P; VIM Suresnes, UMR 0892, Pôle des Maladies des Voies Respiratoires, Hôpital Foch, Université Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France., Hossny E; Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Iinuma T; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan., Ispayeva Z; Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Kazakhstan Association of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan., Julge K; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Children's Clinic, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia., Kaidashev I; Immunology & Allergology Department, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine., Bennoor KS; Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Kraxner H; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary., Kull I; Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Sach's Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden., Kulus M; Department of Pediatric Respiratory Diseases and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland., Kupczyk M; Division of Internal Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland., Kurchenko A; Department of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology, Allergology and Medical Genetics, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine., La Grutta S; Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)-National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy., Miculinic N; Croatian Pulmonary Society, Clinical Center for Pulmonary Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia., Tuyet LLT; Asthma, COPD Outpatient Care Unit, University Medical Center, Hô-Chi-Minh City, Vietnam., Lee SM; Division of Respiratory Disease and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea., Montefort S; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta., Moreira A; EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal.; Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.; Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Mullol J; Rhinology Unit & Smell Clinic, ENT Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.; Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, FRCB-IDIBAPS, CIBERES, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Nadif R; Inserm, Equipe d'Epidémiologie Respiratoire Intégrative, CESP, Villejuif, France.; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France., Nakonechna A; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK., Neffen HE; Center of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Diseases, Santa Fe, Argentina., Niedoszytko M; Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland., O'Hehir RE; Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Alfred Health and Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Ogulur I; Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland., Okamoto Y; ENT Department, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba, Japan.; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan., Olze H; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Palomares O; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain., Panzner P; Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic., Patella V; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, 'Santa Maria della Speranza' Hospital, Battipaglia, Salerno, Italy.; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Agency of Health ASL, Salerno, Italy.; Postgraduate Programme in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy., Pitsios C; Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus., Puggioni F; Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy., Quirce S; Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain., Ramonaité A; Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, Klaipeda National Hospital, Klaipeda, Lithuania.; Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Vilnius, Lithuania., Repka-Ramirez MS; Department of Allergy, Clinics Hospital, National University, San Lorenzo, Paraguay., Roberts G; Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.; The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK.; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK., Robles-Velasco K; Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador.; Department of Allergology & Pulmonology, Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil, Guayas, Ecuador.; LEADER Research Inc, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Rottem M; Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel.; Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel., Salapatas M; ARIA, Asthma, Rhinitis, Immunology & Allergy Department, Athens, Greece., Sastre J; Allergy Service, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, CIBERES-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain., Scichilone N; PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy., Sisul JC; Allergy & Asthma, Medical Director, CLINICA SISUL, FACAAI, SPAAI, Asuncion, Paraguay., Solé D; Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Soto-Martinez ME; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Nacional de Niños, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica., Sova M; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Tuberculosis, University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic., Tantilipikorn P; Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Todo-Bom A; Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal., Tsaryk V; Department of Clinical and Laboratory Immunology, Allergology and Medical Genetics, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine., Tsiligianni I; International Primary Care Respiratory Group IPCRG, Aberdeen, UK.; Health Planning Unit, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece., Urrutia-Pereira M; Department of Medicine, Federal University of Pampa, Uruguaiana, Brazil., Valovirta E; Department of Lung Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland., Vasankari T; FiLHA, Finnish Lung Health Association, Helsinki, Finland.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland., Wallace D; College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA., Wang Y; Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore., Worm M; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Allergy and Venerology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Yusuf OM; Allergy & Asthma Department, The Allergy and Asthma Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan., Gil-Mata S; MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE-Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Marques-Cruz M; MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE-Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Mahboub B; Pulmonary Department, Rashid Hospital, DUBAI Health, Dubai, UAE.; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE., Romano A; Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy.; BIOS S.p.A. Società Benefit, Rome, Italy., Aberer W; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria., Artesani MC; Allergy Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy., Azzolini E; Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.; Clinical Epidemiology and Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy., Barreto B; Department of Allergy and Immunology, Para State University Center-CESUPA, Belém, Brazil., Bartra J; Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic and IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; RICORS de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain., Becker S; Department for Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany., Beghe B; Respiratory Medicine, Department of Maternal, Child and Adult Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy., Boner A; Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy., Borowiack E; Evidence Prime, Kraków, Poland.; Evidence Prime, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Bouchard J; Hôpital de la Malbaie (CIUSSS), Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada., Brussino L; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy., Buhl R; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany., Catamerò F; Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.; Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy., Charpin D; Clinique des Bronches, Allergie et Sommeil, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France., Chavannes NH; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.; National eHealth Living Lab, Leiden, the Netherlands., Chełmińska M; Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland., Cheng L; Department of Allergology and Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China., Chkhartishvili E; Allergist, David Tvildiani Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia., Cho SH; College of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA., Chong-Neto HJ; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil., Chu DK; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada., Cingi C; Medical Faculty, ENT Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey., Compalati E; Scientific & Medical Department, Lofarma S.p.A., Milan, Italy., Costa RA; MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Cvetkovski B; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia., Cardona V; Department of Allergy, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain., D'Amato G; Division of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, High Specialty Hospital 'A Cardarelli', and Respiratory Allergy School of Specialization in Respiratory Diseases, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy., Davies JM; Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.; Office of Research, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia., Di Bona D; Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy., Gonzalez Diaz SN; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Centro Regional, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico., Dimou MV; Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Doulaptsi M; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece., Ferreira-da-Silva R; MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE-Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Gawlik R; Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland., Calvo-Gil M; Pediatrics Department, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valvidia, Chile., Gómez MR; School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Salta, Salta, Argentina., Gotua M; Center of Allergy and Immunology, and Georgian Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Tbilisi, Georgia., Grigoreas C; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Former President of the Hellenic Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Air Force General Hospital, Athens, Greece., Guzman MA; Immunology and Allergy Division, Clinical Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile., House R; Quality Use of Research Medicines Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia.; Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia., Hyland M; Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK., Ierodiakonou D; Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus., Karavelia A; Otolaryngology Department, General Hospital of Kalamata, Kalamata, Greece., Keith P; Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Kisiel M; Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden., Kosak TS; ORL SOKLIC KOSAK, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Kosnik M; University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia.; Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Koyuncu IV; Department of Chest Diseases, Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey., Kritikos V; Clinical Management Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.; Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Litynska J; Evidence Prime, Kraków, Poland.; Evidence Prime, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Lombardi C; Departmental Unit of Allergology, Clinical Immunology & Pneumology, Istituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy., Louis G; Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.; Department of Pneumology, GIGA I3 Research Group, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium., Luo X; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China., Martini M; Allergy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital AOU delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy., Meço C; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Salzburg Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Cornell University, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA., Mesonjesi E; Allergy & Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital Center 'Mother Teresa', Tirana, Albania., Mihaltan F; Pneumology Department, UMF-University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila', National Institute of Pneumology 'Marius Nasta', Bucharest, Romania., Moniuszko M; Department of Allergology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland., Naclerio RN; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Neisinger S; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany., Ollert M; Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.; Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Medical Center UZ Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Jette/Brussels, Belgium., Ordak M; Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland., Paoletti G; Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.; Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy., Parmelli E; Clinical Epidemiology and Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy., Perdomo-Flores EA; Otorhinolaryngology and Neck Surgery Unit, San Juan de Dios National Hospital, San Miguel, El Salvador., Pereira H; MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Pérez JMF; Allergist, Private Practice, Mexico City, Mexico., Pham-Thi N; Ecole Polytechnique de Palaiseau, Palaiseau, France.; IRBA (Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale des Armées), Bretigny sur Orge, France.; Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.; Center for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Alésia, Paris, France., Prokopakis E; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece., Ribeiro-Vaz I; MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE-Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Rolla G; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy., Romantowski J; Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland., Rombaux P; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium., Rouadi PW; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and Ear University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dar Al Shifa Hospital, Salmiya, Kuwait., Ryan D; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Sadowska E; Evidence Prime, Kraków, Poland.; Evidence Prime, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Sakurai D; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yamanashi University, Yamanashi, Japan., Salameh L; Mohammed Bin Rashid University (MBRU), Dubai Health, Dubai, UAE., Serrano E; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, CHU Rangueil-Larrey, Toulouse, France., Da Silva J; Allergy Service, University Hospital Professor Polydoro Ernani de São Thiago (HU-UFSC/EBSERH), Florianopolis, Brazil.; Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Brazil., Soyka MB; Otolaryngology-HNS, University of Zurich, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Specjalski K; Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland., Tomic-Spiric V; Clinic of Allergology and Immunology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia., Stevanovic K; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany., Subramaniam A; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Medical Professorial Unit, Tallaght University Hospital & Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland., Thomander T; MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; The Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Tong W; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China., Vachova M; Department of Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.; Department of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Plzeň, Czech Republic., van Hage M; Department of Medicine Solna, Division of Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden., Wagenmann M; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany., Ko FWS; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China., Werminghaus P; ENT and Allergology, Düsseldorf, Germany., Xepapadaki PV; Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Xiang YK; Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany.; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China., Yang Q; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China., Zhang H; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China., Zuberbier J; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Fonseca JA; MEDCIDS-Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE-Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Allergy Unit, Instituto and Hospital CUF, Porto, Portugal.
Source: Allergy [Allergy] 2026 Jun; Vol. 81 (6), pp. 1947-1970. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 24.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Practice Guideline
Journal Info: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: Denmark NLM ID: 7804028 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1398-9995 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01054538 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Allergy Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:1398-9995
DOI:10.1111/all.70305