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The Role of GH-IGF-1 Axis and S-Klotho in Atherosclerosis Natural History, Plaque Phenotype and Vulnerability: A Narrative Review.

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Title: The Role of GH-IGF-1 Axis and S-Klotho in Atherosclerosis Natural History, Plaque Phenotype and Vulnerability: A Narrative Review.
Authors: Buonpane A; Ospedale del Cuore 'G. Pasquinucci', Via Aurelia Sud 309, 54100 Massa, Italy.; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy., Raia S; Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy., Trimarchi G; Ospedale del Cuore 'G. Pasquinucci', Via Aurelia Sud 309, 54100 Massa, Italy.; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy., Paglianiti DA; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences-CUORE, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy., Casamassima F; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences-CUORE, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy., Orazi GM; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy., Trani C; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences-CUORE, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy., Crea F; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ospedale Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, Via di Ponte Quattro Capi, 39, 00186 Rome, Italy., Liuzzo G; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences-CUORE, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy., Burzotta F; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences-CUORE, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy., Bianchi A; Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
Source: Biomedicines [Biomedicines] 2026 Mar 29; Vol. 14 (4). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 29.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Review
Journal Info: Publisher: MDPI AG Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101691304 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2227-9059 (Print) Linking ISSN: 22279059 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biomedicines Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: The Role of GH-IGF-1 Axis and S-Klotho in Atherosclerosis Natural History, Plaque Phenotype and Vulnerability: A Narrative Review.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Buonpane+A%22">Buonpane A</searchLink>; Ospedale del Cuore 'G. Pasquinucci', Via Aurelia Sud 309, 54100 Massa, Italy.; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Raia+S%22">Raia S</searchLink>; Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Trimarchi+G%22">Trimarchi G</searchLink>; Ospedale del Cuore 'G. Pasquinucci', Via Aurelia Sud 309, 54100 Massa, Italy.; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Paglianiti+DA%22">Paglianiti DA</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences-CUORE, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Casamassima+F%22">Casamassima F</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences-CUORE, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Orazi+GM%22">Orazi GM</searchLink>; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Trani+C%22">Trani C</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences-CUORE, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Crea+F%22">Crea F</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ospedale Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, Via di Ponte Quattro Capi, 39, 00186 Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liuzzo+G%22">Liuzzo G</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences-CUORE, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Burzotta+F%22">Burzotta F</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences-CUORE, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bianchi+A%22">Bianchi A</searchLink>; Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare), Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101691304%22">Biomedicines</searchLink> [Biomedicines] 2026 Mar 29; Vol. 14 (4). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Mar 29.
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              Text: 2026 Mar 29
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