Brain age prediction in generalized anxiety disorder using a convolutional neural network.

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Title: Brain age prediction in generalized anxiety disorder using a convolutional neural network.
Authors: Richier C; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. coreyjr2@illinois.edu.; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. coreyjr2@illinois.edu., Zugman A; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Harrewijn A; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Cardinale EM; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA., Khosravi P; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Aghajani M; Leiden University, Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden, The Netherlands., Bruin WB; Leiden University, Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden, The Netherlands., Hilbert K; Department of Psychology, HMU Health and Medical University Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany., Cardoner N; Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain., Porta-Casteràs D; Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Cano M; Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain., Gosnell S; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA., Salas R; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA., Jackowski AP; LiNC, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Pan PM; LiNC, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Salum GA; Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Blair KS; Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA., Blair JR; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Milad MR; Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA., Burkhouse KL; Department of Psychology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA., Phan KL; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Schroeder HK; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA., Strawn JR; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA., Beesdo-Baum K; Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany., Jahanshad N; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Thomopoulos SI; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Nielsen JA; Center for Brain Science & Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Psychology Department & Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA., Smoller JW; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Soares JC; Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Mwangi B; Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Wu MJ; Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Zunta-Soares GB; Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Assaf M; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Diefenbach GJ; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Anxiety Disorders Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA., Brambilla P; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Maggioni E; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy., Hofmann D; Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany., Straube T; Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany., Andreescu C; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Price RB; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Manfro GG; Anxiety Disorder Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Agosta F; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy., Canu E; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy., Cividini C; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy., Filippi M; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy., Kostić M; Institute of Mental Health, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia., Munjiza Jovanovic A; Institute of Mental Health, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia., Benson B; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Freitag GF; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Leibenluft E; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Ringlein GV; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., Werwath K; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA., Zwiebel H; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Grabe HJ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Van der Auwera S; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Wittfeld K; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Völzke H; Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Bülow R; Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Balderston NL; Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Ernst M; Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Mujica-Parodi LR; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA., van Nieuwenhuizen H; Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA., Critchley HD; Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK., Makovac E; Department of Psychology, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK., Mancini M; 'Enrico Fermi' Research Center, Rome, Italy., Meeten F; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Ottaviani C; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy., Fonzo GA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA., Paulus MP; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA., Stein MB; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA., Gur RE; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Gur RC; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Kaczkurkin AN; Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA., Larsen B; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA., Satterthwaite TD; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Harper J; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA., Perino MT; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA., Sylvester CM; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA., Yu Q; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA., McClure P; Machine Learning Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Pereira F; Machine Learning Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Lueken U; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany., Veltman DJ; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Thompson PM; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Groenewold NA; Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Bas-Hoogendam JM; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands., Stein DJ; Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Van der Wee NJA; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands., Winkler AM; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA., Pine DS; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Sawyers CK; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Source: Translational psychiatry [Transl Psychiatry] 2026 May 24. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 24.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101562664 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2158-3188 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21583188 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Transl Psychiatry Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:2158-3188
DOI:10.1038/s41398-026-04078-3