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Brain age prediction in generalized anxiety disorder using a convolutional neural network.

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Title: Brain age prediction in generalized anxiety disorder using a convolutional neural network.
Authors: Richier C; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. coreyjr2@illinois.edu.; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. coreyjr2@illinois.edu., Zugman A; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Harrewijn A; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands., Cardinale EM; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA., Khosravi P; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Aghajani M; Leiden University, Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden, The Netherlands., Bruin WB; Leiden University, Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden, The Netherlands., Hilbert K; Department of Psychology, HMU Health and Medical University Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany., Cardoner N; Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain., Porta-Casteràs D; Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain., Cano M; Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain., Gosnell S; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA., Salas R; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA., Jackowski AP; LiNC, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Pan PM; LiNC, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Salum GA; Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Blair KS; Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA., Blair JR; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Milad MR; Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA., Burkhouse KL; Department of Psychology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA., Phan KL; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Schroeder HK; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA., Strawn JR; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA., Beesdo-Baum K; Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany., Jahanshad N; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Thomopoulos SI; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Nielsen JA; Center for Brain Science & Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Psychology Department & Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA., Smoller JW; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Soares JC; Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Mwangi B; Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Wu MJ; Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Zunta-Soares GB; Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA., Assaf M; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Diefenbach GJ; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Anxiety Disorders Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA., Brambilla P; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Maggioni E; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy., Hofmann D; Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany., Straube T; Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany., Andreescu C; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Price RB; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Manfro GG; Anxiety Disorder Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Agosta F; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy., Canu E; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy., Cividini C; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy., Filippi M; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy., Kostić M; Institute of Mental Health, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia., Munjiza Jovanovic A; Institute of Mental Health, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia., Benson B; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Freitag GF; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Leibenluft E; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Ringlein GV; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA., Werwath K; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA., Zwiebel H; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Grabe HJ; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Van der Auwera S; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Wittfeld K; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Völzke H; Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Bülow R; Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Balderston NL; Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Ernst M; Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Mujica-Parodi LR; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA., van Nieuwenhuizen H; Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA., Critchley HD; Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK., Makovac E; Department of Psychology, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK., Mancini M; 'Enrico Fermi' Research Center, Rome, Italy., Meeten F; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Ottaviani C; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy., Fonzo GA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA., Paulus MP; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA., Stein MB; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA., Gur RE; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Gur RC; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Kaczkurkin AN; Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA., Larsen B; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA., Satterthwaite TD; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Harper J; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA., Perino MT; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA., Sylvester CM; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA., Yu Q; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA., McClure P; Machine Learning Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Pereira F; Machine Learning Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Lueken U; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany., Veltman DJ; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Thompson PM; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA., Groenewold NA; Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Bas-Hoogendam JM; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands., Stein DJ; Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Van der Wee NJA; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands., Winkler AM; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA., Pine DS; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Sawyers CK; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Source: Translational psychiatry [Transl Psychiatry] 2026 May 24. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 24.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101562664 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2158-3188 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21583188 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Transl Psychiatry Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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DbLabel: MEDLINE Ultimate
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AccessLevel: 2
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Brain age prediction in generalized anxiety disorder using a convolutional neural network.
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  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Richier+C%22">Richier C</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. coreyjr2@illinois.edu.; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. coreyjr2@illinois.edu.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zugman+A%22">Zugman A</searchLink>; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Harrewijn+A%22">Harrewijn A</searchLink>; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cardinale+EM%22">Cardinale EM</searchLink>; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Khosravi+P%22">Khosravi P</searchLink>; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Aghajani+M%22">Aghajani M</searchLink>; Leiden University, Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bruin+WB%22">Bruin WB</searchLink>; Leiden University, Institute of Education & Child Studies, Section Forensic Family & Youth Care, Leiden, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hilbert+K%22">Hilbert K</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, HMU Health and Medical University Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cardoner+N%22">Cardoner N</searchLink>; Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Porta-Casteràs+D%22">Porta-Casteràs D</searchLink>; Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cano+M%22">Cano M</searchLink>; Sant Pau Mental Health Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain.; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gosnell+S%22">Gosnell S</searchLink>; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Salas+R%22">Salas R</searchLink>; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jackowski+AP%22">Jackowski AP</searchLink>; LiNC, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pan+PM%22">Pan PM</searchLink>; LiNC, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Salum+GA%22">Salum GA</searchLink>; Section on Negative Affect and Social Processes, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Blair+KS%22">Blair KS</searchLink>; Center for Neurobehavioral Research, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Blair+JR%22">Blair JR</searchLink>; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Milad+MR%22">Milad MR</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Burkhouse+KL%22">Burkhouse KL</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Phan+KL%22">Phan KL</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schroeder+HK%22">Schroeder HK</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Strawn+JR%22">Strawn JR</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Beesdo-Baum+K%22">Beesdo-Baum K</searchLink>; Behavioral Epidemiology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jahanshad+N%22">Jahanshad N</searchLink>; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Thomopoulos+SI%22">Thomopoulos SI</searchLink>; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nielsen+JA%22">Nielsen JA</searchLink>; Center for Brain Science & Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Psychology Department & Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Smoller+JW%22">Smoller JW</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Soares+JC%22">Soares JC</searchLink>; Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mwangi+B%22">Mwangi B</searchLink>; Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wu+MJ%22">Wu MJ</searchLink>; Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zunta-Soares+GB%22">Zunta-Soares GB</searchLink>; Center Of Excellence On Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Assaf+M%22">Assaf M</searchLink>; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Diefenbach+GJ%22">Diefenbach GJ</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.; Anxiety Disorders Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Brambilla+P%22">Brambilla P</searchLink>; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Maggioni+E%22">Maggioni E</searchLink>; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hofmann+D%22">Hofmann D</searchLink>; Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Straube+T%22">Straube T</searchLink>; Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Andreescu+C%22">Andreescu C</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Price+RB%22">Price RB</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Manfro+GG%22">Manfro GG</searchLink>; Anxiety Disorder Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Agosta+F%22">Agosta F</searchLink>; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Canu+E%22">Canu E</searchLink>; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cividini+C%22">Cividini C</searchLink>; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Filippi+M%22">Filippi M</searchLink>; Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.; Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.; Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kostić+M%22">Kostić M</searchLink>; Institute of Mental Health, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Munjiza+Jovanovic+A%22">Munjiza Jovanovic A</searchLink>; Institute of Mental Health, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Benson+B%22">Benson B</searchLink>; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Freitag+GF%22">Freitag GF</searchLink>; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Leibenluft+E%22">Leibenluft E</searchLink>; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ringlein+GV%22">Ringlein GV</searchLink>; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Werwath+K%22">Werwath K</searchLink>; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zwiebel+H%22">Zwiebel H</searchLink>; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Grabe+HJ%22">Grabe HJ</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Van+der+Auwera+S%22">Van der Auwera S</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wittfeld+K%22">Wittfeld K</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Völzke+H%22">Völzke H</searchLink>; Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bülow+R%22">Bülow R</searchLink>; Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Balderston+NL%22">Balderston NL</searchLink>; Center for Neuromodulation in Depression and Stress, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ernst+M%22">Ernst M</searchLink>; Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mujica-Parodi+LR%22">Mujica-Parodi LR</searchLink>; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22van+Nieuwenhuizen+H%22">van Nieuwenhuizen H</searchLink>; Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Critchley+HD%22">Critchley HD</searchLink>; Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Makovac+E%22">Makovac E</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mancini+M%22">Mancini M</searchLink>; 'Enrico Fermi' Research Center, Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Meeten+F%22">Meeten F</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ottaviani+C%22">Ottaviani C</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fonzo+GA%22">Fonzo GA</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Paulus+MP%22">Paulus MP</searchLink>; Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stein+MB%22">Stein MB</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gur+RE%22">Gur RE</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gur+RC%22">Gur RC</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kaczkurkin+AN%22">Kaczkurkin AN</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Larsen+B%22">Larsen B</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Satterthwaite+TD%22">Satterthwaite TD</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Harper+J%22">Harper J</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Perino+MT%22">Perino MT</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sylvester+CM%22">Sylvester CM</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yu+Q%22">Yu Q</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McClure+P%22">McClure P</searchLink>; Machine Learning Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pereira+F%22">Pereira F</searchLink>; Machine Learning Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lueken+U%22">Lueken U</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Berlin-Potsdam, Berlin, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Veltman+DJ%22">Veltman DJ</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Thompson+PM%22">Thompson PM</searchLink>; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Groenewold+NA%22">Groenewold NA</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bas-Hoogendam+JM%22">Bas-Hoogendam JM</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stein+DJ%22">Stein DJ</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.; South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Van+der+Wee+NJA%22">Van der Wee NJA</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Winkler+AM%22">Winkler AM</searchLink>; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pine+DS%22">Pine DS</searchLink>; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sawyers+CK%22">Sawyers CK</searchLink>; Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101562664%22">Translational psychiatry</searchLink> [Transl Psychiatry] 2026 May 24. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 May 24.
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