Diagnostic tests and headache misdiagnoses in individuals with resistant and refractory migraine - data from the REFINE study.

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Title: Diagnostic tests and headache misdiagnoses in individuals with resistant and refractory migraine - data from the REFINE study.
Authors: De Santis F; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Rosignoli C; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Onofri A; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Braschinsky M; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu and Neurology Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia., Sved O; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu and Neurology Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia., Gil-Gouveia R; Headache Center, Neurology Department, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal.; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, Portugal., Oliveira R; Headache Center, Neurology Department, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal., Lampl C; Headache Medical Center, Seilerstaette Linz, Linz, Austria., Paungarttner J; Headache Medical Center, Seilerstaette Linz, Linz, Austria., Martelletti P; Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy., Wells-Gatnik WD; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA., Martins IP; Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal., Mitsikostas DD; First Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Apostolakopoulou L; First Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Ozge A; Department of Neurology, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey and NOROM Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Ankara, Turkey., Narin DB; Department of Neurology, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey and NOROM Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Ankara, Turkey., Pozo-Rosich P; Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain., Munoz-Vendrell A; Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain., Prudenzano MP; Headache Center, 'L. Amaducci' Neurological Clinic, Policlinico General Hospital, Bari, Italy., Gentile M; Headache Center, 'L. Amaducci' Neurological Clinic, Policlinico General Hospital, Bari, Italy., Ryliskiene K; Center of Neurology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania., Vainauskiene J; Center of Neurology, Kardiolitos klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania., Sanchez-Del-Rio M; Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain., Vernieri F; Unit of Headache and Neurosonology, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Roma, Italy., Iaccarino G; Unit of Headache and Neurosonology, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Roma, Italy., Waliszewska-Prosół M; Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland., Budrewicz S; Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland., Carnovali M; Department of Neurology, Christian Hospital Unna and University of Duisburg-Essen, Ruhr Metropolitan, Germany., Katsarava Z; Department of Neurology, Christian Hospital Unna and University of Duisburg-Essen, Ruhr Metropolitan, Germany., Sacco S; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Ornello R; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Source: Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache [Cephalalgia] 2026 Jun; Vol. 46 (6), pp. 3331024261443712. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 04.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Observational Study
Journal Info: Publisher: Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8200710 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1468-2982 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03331024 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cephalalgia Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:1468-2982
DOI:10.1177/03331024261443712