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Diagnostic tests and headache misdiagnoses in individuals with resistant and refractory migraine - data from the REFINE study.

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Title: Diagnostic tests and headache misdiagnoses in individuals with resistant and refractory migraine - data from the REFINE study.
Authors: De Santis F; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Rosignoli C; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Onofri A; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Braschinsky M; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu and Neurology Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia., Sved O; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu and Neurology Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia., Gil-Gouveia R; Headache Center, Neurology Department, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal.; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, Portugal., Oliveira R; Headache Center, Neurology Department, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal., Lampl C; Headache Medical Center, Seilerstaette Linz, Linz, Austria., Paungarttner J; Headache Medical Center, Seilerstaette Linz, Linz, Austria., Martelletti P; Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy., Wells-Gatnik WD; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA., Martins IP; Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal., Mitsikostas DD; First Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Apostolakopoulou L; First Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Ozge A; Department of Neurology, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey and NOROM Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Ankara, Turkey., Narin DB; Department of Neurology, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey and NOROM Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Ankara, Turkey., Pozo-Rosich P; Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain., Munoz-Vendrell A; Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain., Prudenzano MP; Headache Center, 'L. Amaducci' Neurological Clinic, Policlinico General Hospital, Bari, Italy., Gentile M; Headache Center, 'L. Amaducci' Neurological Clinic, Policlinico General Hospital, Bari, Italy., Ryliskiene K; Center of Neurology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania., Vainauskiene J; Center of Neurology, Kardiolitos klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania., Sanchez-Del-Rio M; Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain., Vernieri F; Unit of Headache and Neurosonology, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Roma, Italy., Iaccarino G; Unit of Headache and Neurosonology, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Roma, Italy., Waliszewska-Prosół M; Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland., Budrewicz S; Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland., Carnovali M; Department of Neurology, Christian Hospital Unna and University of Duisburg-Essen, Ruhr Metropolitan, Germany., Katsarava Z; Department of Neurology, Christian Hospital Unna and University of Duisburg-Essen, Ruhr Metropolitan, Germany., Sacco S; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Ornello R; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
Source: Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache [Cephalalgia] 2026 Jun; Vol. 46 (6), pp. 3331024261443712. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 04.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Observational Study
Journal Info: Publisher: Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8200710 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1468-2982 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03331024 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cephalalgia Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: Diagnostic tests and headache misdiagnoses in individuals with resistant and refractory migraine - data from the REFINE study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22De+Santis+F%22">De Santis F</searchLink>; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rosignoli+C%22">Rosignoli C</searchLink>; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Onofri+A%22">Onofri A</searchLink>; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Braschinsky+M%22">Braschinsky M</searchLink>; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu and Neurology Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sved+O%22">Sved O</searchLink>; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu and Neurology Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gil-Gouveia+R%22">Gil-Gouveia R</searchLink>; Headache Center, Neurology Department, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal.; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Oliveira+R%22">Oliveira R</searchLink>; Headache Center, Neurology Department, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lampl+C%22">Lampl C</searchLink>; Headache Medical Center, Seilerstaette Linz, Linz, Austria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Paungarttner+J%22">Paungarttner J</searchLink>; Headache Medical Center, Seilerstaette Linz, Linz, Austria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Martelletti+P%22">Martelletti P</searchLink>; Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wells-Gatnik+WD%22">Wells-Gatnik WD</searchLink>; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Martins+IP%22">Martins IP</searchLink>; Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mitsikostas+DD%22">Mitsikostas DD</searchLink>; First Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Apostolakopoulou+L%22">Apostolakopoulou L</searchLink>; First Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ozge+A%22">Ozge A</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey and NOROM Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Ankara, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Narin+DB%22">Narin DB</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey and NOROM Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence, Ankara, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pozo-Rosich+P%22">Pozo-Rosich P</searchLink>; Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Munoz-Vendrell+A%22">Munoz-Vendrell A</searchLink>; Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Prudenzano+MP%22">Prudenzano MP</searchLink>; Headache Center, 'L. Amaducci' Neurological Clinic, Policlinico General Hospital, Bari, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gentile+M%22">Gentile M</searchLink>; Headache Center, 'L. Amaducci' Neurological Clinic, Policlinico General Hospital, Bari, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ryliskiene+K%22">Ryliskiene K</searchLink>; Center of Neurology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vainauskiene+J%22">Vainauskiene J</searchLink>; Center of Neurology, Kardiolitos klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sanchez-Del-Rio+M%22">Sanchez-Del-Rio M</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vernieri+F%22">Vernieri F</searchLink>; Unit of Headache and Neurosonology, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Roma, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Iaccarino+G%22">Iaccarino G</searchLink>; Unit of Headache and Neurosonology, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Roma, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Waliszewska-Prosół+M%22">Waliszewska-Prosół M</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Budrewicz+S%22">Budrewicz S</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Carnovali+M%22">Carnovali M</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Christian Hospital Unna and University of Duisburg-Essen, Ruhr Metropolitan, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Katsarava+Z%22">Katsarava Z</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Christian Hospital Unna and University of Duisburg-Essen, Ruhr Metropolitan, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sacco+S%22">Sacco S</searchLink>; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ornello+R%22">Ornello R</searchLink>; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%228200710%22">Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache</searchLink> [Cephalalgia] 2026 Jun; Vol. 46 (6), pp. 3331024261443712. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Jun 04.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22%22"> </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>8200710 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1468-2982 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2203331024%22">03331024 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Cephalalgia <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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