View in EDS

Evaluation of a subsidy program to increase bicycle helmet use by children of low-income families.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: Evaluation of a subsidy program to increase bicycle helmet use by children of low-income families.
Authors: Parkin PC (AUTHOR), Hu X (AUTHOR), Spence LJ (AUTHOR), Kranz KE (AUTHOR), Shortt LG (AUTHOR), Wesson DE (AUTHOR)
Source: Pediatrics. Aug95 Part 1of 2, Vol. 96 Issue 2, p283-287. 5p.
Abstract: OBJECTIVE. We have previously shown that an educational program was not effective in increasing bicycle helmet use in children of low-income families. The objective of this study was to evaluate a combined educational and helmet subsidy program in the same population, while controlling for secular trends. The secondary objective was to complete a third year of surveying children's bicycle helmet use throughout the study community. DESIGN. A prospective, controlled, before-and-after study. SUBJECTS. Bicycling children 5 to 14 years of age from areas of low average family income. SETTING. A defined geographic community within a large urban Canadian city. INTERVENTION. In April 1992, students in three schools located in the area of lowest average family income were offered $10 helmets and an educational program; three other low-income areas served as control areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE. Helmet use was determined by direct observation of more than 1800 bicycling children. RESULTS. Nine hundred ten helmets were sold to a school population of 1415 (64%). Reported helmet ownership increased from 10% to 47%. However, observed helmet use in the low-income intervention area was no different from the rate in the three low-income control areas (18% versus 19%). There was no difference in the trend in helmet use during the period of 1990 through 1992 in the intervention area (4% to 18%) compared with the control areas (3% to 19%). Helmet use rates from all income areas have increased from 3.4% in 1990, to 16% in 1991, to 28% in 1992. In 1992, helmet use in the high-income areas was 48% and in the low-income areas was 20%. CONCLUSIONS. There has been a trend toward increasing helmet use in all income areas during the 3-year period. Despite encouraging helmet sales and increases in reported helmet ownership, the results of the observational study do not support the efficacy of a helmet subsidy program in increasing helmet use in children residing in areas of low average family income. Strategies to increase helmet use in children of low average family income remain a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Pediatrics is the property of American Academy of Pediatrics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: pbh
DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
An: 105606534
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Evaluation of a subsidy program to increase bicycle helmet use by children of low-income families.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Parkin+PC%22">Parkin PC</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu+X%22">Hu X</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Spence+LJ%22">Spence LJ</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kranz+KE%22">Kranz KE</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shortt+LG%22">Shortt LG</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wesson+DE%22">Wesson DE</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Pediatrics%22">Pediatrics</searchLink>. Aug95 Part 1of 2, Vol. 96 Issue 2, p283-287. 5p.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: OBJECTIVE. We have previously shown that an educational program was not effective in increasing bicycle helmet use in children of low-income families. The objective of this study was to evaluate a combined educational and helmet subsidy program in the same population, while controlling for secular trends. The secondary objective was to complete a third year of surveying children's bicycle helmet use throughout the study community. DESIGN. A prospective, controlled, before-and-after study. SUBJECTS. Bicycling children 5 to 14 years of age from areas of low average family income. SETTING. A defined geographic community within a large urban Canadian city. INTERVENTION. In April 1992, students in three schools located in the area of lowest average family income were offered $10 helmets and an educational program; three other low-income areas served as control areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE. Helmet use was determined by direct observation of more than 1800 bicycling children. RESULTS. Nine hundred ten helmets were sold to a school population of 1415 (64%). Reported helmet ownership increased from 10% to 47%. However, observed helmet use in the low-income intervention area was no different from the rate in the three low-income control areas (18% versus 19%). There was no difference in the trend in helmet use during the period of 1990 through 1992 in the intervention area (4% to 18%) compared with the control areas (3% to 19%). Helmet use rates from all income areas have increased from 3.4% in 1990, to 16% in 1991, to 28% in 1992. In 1992, helmet use in the high-income areas was 48% and in the low-income areas was 20%. CONCLUSIONS. There has been a trend toward increasing helmet use in all income areas during the 3-year period. Despite encouraging helmet sales and increases in reported helmet ownership, the results of the observational study do not support the efficacy of a helmet subsidy program in increasing helmet use in children residing in areas of low average family income. Strategies to increase helmet use in children of low average family income remain a priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Pediatrics is the property of American Academy of Pediatrics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=105606534
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1542/peds.96.2.283
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 5
        StartPage: 283
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Evaluation of a subsidy program to increase bicycle helmet use by children of low-income families.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Parkin PC
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hu X
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Spence LJ
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Kranz KE
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Shortt LG
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wesson DE
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: Aug95 Part 1of 2
              Type: published
              Y: 1995
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 00314005
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 96
            – Type: issue
              Value: 2
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Pediatrics
              Type: main
ResultId 1