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Executive function in Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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Title: Executive function in Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Authors: Watkins LH (AUTHOR), Sahakian BJ (AUTHOR), Robertson MM (AUTHOR), Veale DM (AUTHOR), Rogers RD (AUTHOR), Pickard KM (AUTHOR), Aitken MRF (AUTHOR), Robbins TW (AUTHOR)
Source: Psychological Medicine. Apr2005, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p571-582. 12p.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cognitive performance was compared in the genetically and neurobiologically related disorders of Tourette's syndrome (TS) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), in three domains of executive function: planning, decision-making and inhibitory response control. METHOD: Twenty TS patients, twenty OCD patients and a group of age- and IQ-matched normal controls completed psychometric and computerized cognitive tests and psychiatric rating scales. The cognitive tests were well-characterized in terms of their sensitivity to other fronto-striatal disorders, and included pattern and spatial recognition memory, attentional set-shifting, and a Go/No-go set-shifting task, planning, and decision-making. RESULTS: Compared to controls, OCD patients showed selective deficits in pattern recognition memory and slower responding in both pattern and spatial recognition, impaired extra-dimensional shifting on the set-shifting test and impaired reversal of response set on the Go/No-go test. In contrast, TS patients were impaired in spatial recognition memory, extra-dimensional set-shifting, and decision-making. Neither group was impaired in planning. Direct comparisons between the TS and OCD groups revealed significantly different greater deficits for recognition memory latency and Go/No-go reversal for the OCD group, and quality of decision-making for the TS group. CONCLUSIONS: TS and OCD show both differences (recognition memory, decision-making) and similarities (set-shifting) in selective profiles of cognitive function. Specific set-shifting deficits in the OCD group contrasted with their intact performance on other tests of executive function, such as planning and decision-making, and suggested only limited involvement of frontal lobe dysfunction, possibly consistent with OCD symptomatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Executive function in Tourette's syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Watkins+LH%22">Watkins LH</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sahakian+BJ%22">Sahakian BJ</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Robertson+MM%22">Robertson MM</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Veale+DM%22">Veale DM</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rogers+RD%22">Rogers RD</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pickard+KM%22">Pickard KM</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aitken+MRF%22">Aitken MRF</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Robbins+TW%22">Robbins TW</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Apr2005, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p571-582. 12p.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: BACKGROUND: Cognitive performance was compared in the genetically and neurobiologically related disorders of Tourette's syndrome (TS) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), in three domains of executive function: planning, decision-making and inhibitory response control. METHOD: Twenty TS patients, twenty OCD patients and a group of age- and IQ-matched normal controls completed psychometric and computerized cognitive tests and psychiatric rating scales. The cognitive tests were well-characterized in terms of their sensitivity to other fronto-striatal disorders, and included pattern and spatial recognition memory, attentional set-shifting, and a Go/No-go set-shifting task, planning, and decision-making. RESULTS: Compared to controls, OCD patients showed selective deficits in pattern recognition memory and slower responding in both pattern and spatial recognition, impaired extra-dimensional shifting on the set-shifting test and impaired reversal of response set on the Go/No-go test. In contrast, TS patients were impaired in spatial recognition memory, extra-dimensional set-shifting, and decision-making. Neither group was impaired in planning. Direct comparisons between the TS and OCD groups revealed significantly different greater deficits for recognition memory latency and Go/No-go reversal for the OCD group, and quality of decision-making for the TS group. CONCLUSIONS: TS and OCD show both differences (recognition memory, decision-making) and similarities (set-shifting) in selective profiles of cognitive function. Specific set-shifting deficits in the OCD group contrasted with their intact performance on other tests of executive function, such as planning and decision-making, and suggested only limited involvement of frontal lobe dysfunction, possibly consistent with OCD symptomatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1017/s0033291704003691
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        Text: English
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              Text: Apr2005
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              Y: 2005
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