A practical guide to the preparation and use of metal ion‐buffered systems for physiological research.
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| Title: | A practical guide to the preparation and use of metal ion‐buffered systems for physiological research. |
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| Authors: | Neumaier, F., Alpdogan, S., Hescheler, J., Schneider, T. |
| Source: | Acta Physiologica. Mar2018, Vol. 222 Issue 3, p1-1. 18p. 3 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 3 Graphs. |
| Subjects: | Metal ions, Neurons, Endocrine system, Chemical speciation, Analytical chemistry |
| Abstract: | Abstract: Recent recognition that mobile pools of Zn2+ and Cu2+ are involved in the regulation of neuronal, endocrine and other cells has stimulated the development of tools to visualize and quantify the level of free trace metal ions. Most of the methods used to measure or control loosely bound metals require reference media that contain exactly defined free concentrations of the target ions. Despite the central importance of proper metal ion buffering, there is still a lack of international standards and beginners in the field may have difficulties finding a coherent description of how to prepare trace metal ion buffers, especially when experiments are to be performed in multimetal systems. To close this gap, we provide a guide for the design, preparation and use of metal ion‐buffered systems that facilitate immediate application under physiologically relevant ionic conditions. Thermodynamic and kinetic concepts of chemical speciation as well as general protocols and specific examples are outlined for the accurate preparation of single‐ and dual‐metal ion buffers. In addition, experiments have been performed with FluoZin‐3 to illustrate that metal ion‐buffered systems are required for reliable preparation of nanomolar Zn2+ solutions and that dual‐metal ion buffers can be used to calibrate suitable fluorescent Zn2+ sensors in the presence of millimolar Ca2+ concentrations. Together, the information provided should sensitize readers to the many potential pitfalls and uncertainties that exist when working with physiologically relevant concentrations of trace metal ions and enable them to formulate their own metal ion buffers for most in vitro applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Acta Physiologica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Recent recognition that mobile pools of Zn2+ and Cu2+ are involved in the regulation of neuronal, endocrine and other cells has stimulated the development of tools to visualize and quantify the level of free trace metal ions. Most of the methods used to measure or control loosely bound metals require reference media that contain exactly defined free concentrations of the target ions. Despite the central importance of proper metal ion buffering, there is still a lack of international standards and beginners in the field may have difficulties finding a coherent description of how to prepare trace metal ion buffers, especially when experiments are to be performed in multimetal systems. To close this gap, we provide a guide for the design, preparation and use of metal ion‐buffered systems that facilitate immediate application under physiologically relevant ionic conditions. Thermodynamic and kinetic concepts of chemical speciation as well as general protocols and specific examples are outlined for the accurate preparation of single‐ and dual‐metal ion buffers. In addition, experiments have been performed with FluoZin‐3 to illustrate that metal ion‐buffered systems are required for reliable preparation of nanomolar Zn2+ solutions and that dual‐metal ion buffers can be used to calibrate suitable fluorescent Zn2+ sensors in the presence of millimolar Ca2+ concentrations. Together, the information provided should sensitize readers to the many potential pitfalls and uncertainties that exist when working with physiologically relevant concentrations of trace metal ions and enable them to formulate their own metal ion buffers for most in vitro applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| ISSN: | 17481708 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/apha.12988 |
