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Spectrally resolved helium absorption from the extended atmosphere of a warm Neptune-mass exoplanet.

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Title: Spectrally resolved helium absorption from the extended atmosphere of a warm Neptune-mass exoplanet.
Authors: Allart, R., Bourrier, V., Lovis, C., Ehrenreich, D., Spake, J. J., Wyttenbach, A., Pino, L., Pepe, F., Sing, D. K., des Etangs, A. Lecavelier
Source: Science (pre-March 2025). 12/21/2018, Vol. 362 Issue 6421, p1384-1387. 4p. 1 Color Photograph, 4 Diagrams.
Subjects: Atmospheres of extrasolar planets, Helium, Planetary observations, Atmospheric research, Mass loss (Astrophysics)
Abstract: Stellar heating causes atmospheres of close-in exoplanets to expand and escape. These extended atmospheres are difficult to observe because their main spectral signature—neutral hydrogen at ultraviolet wavelengths—is strongly absorbed by interstellar medium. We report the detection of the near-infrared triplet of neutral helium in the transiting warm Neptune-mass exoplanet HAT-P-11b by using ground-based, high-resolution observations. The helium feature is repeatable over two independent transits, with an average absorption depth of 1.08 ± 0.05%. Interpreting absorption spectra with three-dimensional simulations of the planet’s upper atmosphere suggests that it extends beyond 5 planetary radii, with a large-scale height and a helium mass loss rate of ≲3 × 105 grams per second. A net blue-shift of the absorption might be explained by high-altitude winds flowing at 3 kilometers per second from day to night-side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science (pre-March 2025) is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Spectrally resolved helium absorption from the extended atmosphere of a warm Neptune-mass exoplanet.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Allart%2C+R%2E%22">Allart, R.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bourrier%2C+V%2E%22">Bourrier, V.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lovis%2C+C%2E%22">Lovis, C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ehrenreich%2C+D%2E%22">Ehrenreich, D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Spake%2C+J%2E+J%2E%22">Spake, J. J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wyttenbach%2C+A%2E%22">Wyttenbach, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pino%2C+L%2E%22">Pino, L.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pepe%2C+F%2E%22">Pepe, F.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sing%2C+D%2E+K%2E%22">Sing, D. K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22des+Etangs%2C+A%2E+Lecavelier%22">des Etangs, A. Lecavelier</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science+%28pre-March+2025%29%22">Science (pre-March 2025)</searchLink>. 12/21/2018, Vol. 362 Issue 6421, p1384-1387. 4p. 1 Color Photograph, 4 Diagrams.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheres+of+extrasolar+planets%22">Atmospheres of extrasolar planets</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Helium%22">Helium</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Planetary+observations%22">Planetary observations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+research%22">Atmospheric research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mass+loss+%28Astrophysics%29%22">Mass loss (Astrophysics)</searchLink>
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  Data: Stellar heating causes atmospheres of close-in exoplanets to expand and escape. These extended atmospheres are difficult to observe because their main spectral signature—neutral hydrogen at ultraviolet wavelengths—is strongly absorbed by interstellar medium. We report the detection of the near-infrared triplet of neutral helium in the transiting warm Neptune-mass exoplanet HAT-P-11b by using ground-based, high-resolution observations. The helium feature is repeatable over two independent transits, with an average absorption depth of 1.08 ± 0.05%. Interpreting absorption spectra with three-dimensional simulations of the planet’s upper atmosphere suggests that it extends beyond 5 planetary radii, with a large-scale height and a helium mass loss rate of ≲3 × 105 grams per second. A net blue-shift of the absorption might be explained by high-altitude winds flowing at 3 kilometers per second from day to night-side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Science (pre-March 2025) is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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              Text: 12/21/2018
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