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Allostatic Load and Metabolic Syndrome in Depressed Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis.

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Title: Allostatic Load and Metabolic Syndrome in Depressed Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis.
Authors: Osei, Francis (AUTHOR), Wippert, Pia-Maria (AUTHOR), Block, Andrea (AUTHOR), Stoyanov, Drozdstoy (AUTHOR)
Source: Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269). 6/5/2024, Vol. 2024, p1-15. 15p.
Subjects: Mental depression, Depressed persons, Metabolic syndrome, Regression analysis, Dehydroepiandrosterone
Abstract: Allostatic load (AL) is the cumulative wear and tear on the body due to the chronic adverse physical or psychosocial situations. The acute stress response activates the primary mediators of AL, which include cortisol, epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA‐S). Secondary outcomes, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular, and immune system changes, can result from long‐term stress responses. Given these complex reactions to an acute stressor, a multidimensional stress assessment is required when investigating individual stress reactivity in an experimental setting. This study is aimed at examining the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. MDD patients (n = 164, age = 18–65 years old) with MetS+ (n = 46, weight = 93.10 ± 16.43 kg) and without MetS‐ (n = 118, weight = 73.08 ± 15.22 kg) were analyzed cross‐sectionally. Stepwise binary regression and Welch's t‐test were used to find the associations and differences between the two groups. The regression analysis was fully adjusted for age, sex, and the Beck Depression Inventory‐II score. In unadjusted model, cortisol (b = −0.003, p = 0.034) was inversely associated with MetS. In fully adjusted model, EPI (b = −0.006, p = 0.007) was inversely associated with MetS. However, significant differences (p = 0.005) were observed for cortisol between MDD patients without MetS‐ (410.13 ± 144.63 nmol/l) and MDD patients with MetS+ (340.90 ± 132.98 nmol/l) with a small effect size (Cohen's d of 0.489). Significant differences (p = 0.001) were observed for EPI between MDD patients without MetS‐ (185.67 ± 124.44 pg/ml) and MDD patients with MetS+ (124.95 ± 84.38 pg/ml) with a moderate effect size (Cohen's d of 0.530). These observations are of clinical importance for the management of MDD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Allostatic Load and Metabolic Syndrome in Depressed Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Osei%2C+Francis%22">Osei, Francis</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wippert%2C+Pia-Maria%22">Wippert, Pia-Maria</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Block%2C+Andrea%22">Block, Andrea</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stoyanov%2C+Drozdstoy%22">Stoyanov, Drozdstoy</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Depression+%26+Anxiety+%281091-4269%29%22">Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269)</searchLink>. 6/5/2024, Vol. 2024, p1-15. 15p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+depression%22">Mental depression</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Depressed+persons%22">Depressed persons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metabolic+syndrome%22">Metabolic syndrome</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dehydroepiandrosterone%22">Dehydroepiandrosterone</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Allostatic load (AL) is the cumulative wear and tear on the body due to the chronic adverse physical or psychosocial situations. The acute stress response activates the primary mediators of AL, which include cortisol, epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA‐S). Secondary outcomes, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular, and immune system changes, can result from long‐term stress responses. Given these complex reactions to an acute stressor, a multidimensional stress assessment is required when investigating individual stress reactivity in an experimental setting. This study is aimed at examining the association between the primary mediators of AL and MetS in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. MDD patients (n = 164, age = 18–65 years old) with MetS+ (n = 46, weight = 93.10 ± 16.43 kg) and without MetS‐ (n = 118, weight = 73.08 ± 15.22 kg) were analyzed cross‐sectionally. Stepwise binary regression and Welch's t‐test were used to find the associations and differences between the two groups. The regression analysis was fully adjusted for age, sex, and the Beck Depression Inventory‐II score. In unadjusted model, cortisol (b = −0.003, p = 0.034) was inversely associated with MetS. In fully adjusted model, EPI (b = −0.006, p = 0.007) was inversely associated with MetS. However, significant differences (p = 0.005) were observed for cortisol between MDD patients without MetS‐ (410.13 ± 144.63 nmol/l) and MDD patients with MetS+ (340.90 ± 132.98 nmol/l) with a small effect size (Cohen's d of 0.489). Significant differences (p = 0.001) were observed for EPI between MDD patients without MetS‐ (185.67 ± 124.44 pg/ml) and MDD patients with MetS+ (124.95 ± 84.38 pg/ml) with a moderate effect size (Cohen's d of 0.530). These observations are of clinical importance for the management of MDD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Depression & Anxiety (1091-4269) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1155/2024/1355340
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Metabolic syndrome
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      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Dehydroepiandrosterone
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Allostatic Load and Metabolic Syndrome in Depressed Patients: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis.
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            NameFull: Osei, Francis
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            – D: 05
              M: 06
              Text: 6/5/2024
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              Y: 2024
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