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First impressions: Do faces with scars and palsies influence warmth, competence and humanization?

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Title: First impressions: Do faces with scars and palsies influence warmth, competence and humanization?
Authors: Paruzel‐Czachura, Mariola, Workman, Clifford I., El Toukhy, Noha, Chatterjee, Anjan
Source: British Journal of Psychology. Nov2024, Vol. 115 Issue 4, p706-722. 17p.
Subjects: Facial injuries, Dehumanization, Humanism, Research funding, Stereotypes, Scars, Social perception, Photography, Emotions, Ethics, Logic, Facial paralysis, Interpersonal relations, Plastic surgery, Face perception
Abstract: A glance is enough to assign psychological attributes to others. Attractiveness is associated with positive attributes ('beauty‐is‐good' stereotype). Here, we raise the question of a similar but negative bias. Are people with facial anomalies associated with negative personal characteristics? We hypothesized that biases against faces with anomalies arise because of negative stereotypes (less warmth and competence) and forms of dehumanization (animalistic and mechanistic). We enrolled 1493 mTurk participants (N = 1306 after exclusion) to assess 31 traits of photographed people using 60 pairs of photographs of the same person before and after plastic surgery. Half anomalous faces had a scar and the other half had a palsy. To calculate warmth and competence, we conducted a principal components analysis of the 31 attributes. Animalistic dehumanization was assessed by averaging reverse‐scored ratings corresponding to moral sensibility and rationality/logic, and mechanistic dehumanization by averaging across reverse‐scored ratings corresponding to emotional responsiveness and interpersonal warmth. We found that both kinds of anomalous faces were seen as less warm, competent and were dehumanized. Our findings suggest that an 'anomalous‐is‐bad' stereotype generalizes regardless of the aetiology of the anomaly. This effect may be related to a reverse halo effect, that is, the horn effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of British Journal of Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: First impressions: Do faces with scars and palsies influence warmth, competence and humanization?
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Paruzel‐Czachura%2C+Mariola%22">Paruzel‐Czachura, Mariola</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Workman%2C+Clifford+I%2E%22">Workman, Clifford I.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22El Toukhy%2C+Noha%22">El Toukhy, Noha</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chatterjee%2C+Anjan%22">Chatterjee, Anjan</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22British+Journal+of+Psychology%22">British Journal of Psychology</searchLink>. Nov2024, Vol. 115 Issue 4, p706-722. 17p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Facial+injuries%22">Facial injuries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dehumanization%22">Dehumanization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Humanism%22">Humanism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stereotypes%22">Stereotypes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scars%22">Scars</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+perception%22">Social perception</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photography%22">Photography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotions%22">Emotions</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ethics%22">Ethics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Logic%22">Logic</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Facial+paralysis%22">Facial paralysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interpersonal+relations%22">Interpersonal relations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plastic+surgery%22">Plastic surgery</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Face+perception%22">Face perception</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: A glance is enough to assign psychological attributes to others. Attractiveness is associated with positive attributes ('beauty‐is‐good' stereotype). Here, we raise the question of a similar but negative bias. Are people with facial anomalies associated with negative personal characteristics? We hypothesized that biases against faces with anomalies arise because of negative stereotypes (less warmth and competence) and forms of dehumanization (animalistic and mechanistic). We enrolled 1493 mTurk participants (N = 1306 after exclusion) to assess 31 traits of photographed people using 60 pairs of photographs of the same person before and after plastic surgery. Half anomalous faces had a scar and the other half had a palsy. To calculate warmth and competence, we conducted a principal components analysis of the 31 attributes. Animalistic dehumanization was assessed by averaging reverse‐scored ratings corresponding to moral sensibility and rationality/logic, and mechanistic dehumanization by averaging across reverse‐scored ratings corresponding to emotional responsiveness and interpersonal warmth. We found that both kinds of anomalous faces were seen as less warm, competent and were dehumanized. Our findings suggest that an 'anomalous‐is‐bad' stereotype generalizes regardless of the aetiology of the anomaly. This effect may be related to a reverse halo effect, that is, the horn effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of British Journal of Psychology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/bjop.12719
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 706
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Facial injuries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dehumanization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humanism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stereotypes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Scars
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social perception
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photography
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ethics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Logic
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Facial paralysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interpersonal relations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plastic surgery
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Face perception
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: First impressions: Do faces with scars and palsies influence warmth, competence and humanization?
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Paruzel‐Czachura, Mariola
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            NameFull: Workman, Clifford I.
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            NameFull: El Toukhy, Noha
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            NameFull: Chatterjee, Anjan
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            – D: 01
              M: 11
              Text: Nov2024
              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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              Value: 115
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