A Descriptive Assessment of Products Containing the Opioid Receptor Stimulator Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl.
Saved in:
| Title: | A Descriptive Assessment of Products Containing the Opioid Receptor Stimulator Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | White, C. Michael (AUTHOR), Belcourt, Jordyn (AUTHOR), Sedensky, Ava (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Substance Use & Misuse. 2025, Vol. 60 Issue 12, p1950-1954. 5p. |
| Subjects: | Odors, Labels, World Wide Web, Alkaloids, Flavoring essences, Sales personnel, Plant extracts, Commercial product evaluation, Elemental diet, Medicinal plants, Opioid receptors, Dietary supplements |
| Abstract: | Background: Potent semi-synthetic alkaloids that stimulate opioid receptors are being sold to consumers in gas stations, smoke shops, and online as the dietary supplement 'kratom'. Objective: We descriptively evaluated the characteristics of products containing mitragynine pseudoindoxyl. Results: Fifty-one unique products met our inclusion criteria. Seventy-one percent of products contained mitragynine pseudoindoxyl plus 7-hydroxymitragynine, 24% contained mitragynine pseudoindoxyl alone (24%), and 6% contained mitragynine pseudoindoxyl with 8-hydroxymitragynine or 11-hydroxymitragynine (with or without 7-hydroxymitragynine). Sixty-nine percent of products had a child appealing flavoring and/or scent, 63% of products were formulated using bright colors or had bright colors on their labeling, 12% of products had food pictures on the label (mainly representing the fruit or mint flavoring/scent), 6% of products had a cartoon mascot, and 6% of products had a food formulation (ice cream cone or chocolate bar). Only 18% of websites disclosed the products stimulated opioid receptors while 45% disclosed they could cause intoxication, tolerance, dependence, withdrawal, or addiction. Conclusions: There are many products that contain mitragynine pseudoindoxyl sold as dietary supplements and many have features that would appeal to children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Substance Use & Misuse is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
|
Full text is not displayed to guests.
Login for full access.
|
|
| Abstract: | Background: Potent semi-synthetic alkaloids that stimulate opioid receptors are being sold to consumers in gas stations, smoke shops, and online as the dietary supplement 'kratom'. Objective: We descriptively evaluated the characteristics of products containing mitragynine pseudoindoxyl. Results: Fifty-one unique products met our inclusion criteria. Seventy-one percent of products contained mitragynine pseudoindoxyl plus 7-hydroxymitragynine, 24% contained mitragynine pseudoindoxyl alone (24%), and 6% contained mitragynine pseudoindoxyl with 8-hydroxymitragynine or 11-hydroxymitragynine (with or without 7-hydroxymitragynine). Sixty-nine percent of products had a child appealing flavoring and/or scent, 63% of products were formulated using bright colors or had bright colors on their labeling, 12% of products had food pictures on the label (mainly representing the fruit or mint flavoring/scent), 6% of products had a cartoon mascot, and 6% of products had a food formulation (ice cream cone or chocolate bar). Only 18% of websites disclosed the products stimulated opioid receptors while 45% disclosed they could cause intoxication, tolerance, dependence, withdrawal, or addiction. Conclusions: There are many products that contain mitragynine pseudoindoxyl sold as dietary supplements and many have features that would appeal to children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 10826084 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/10826084.2025.2522162 |
