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Racial Disparities in Victim Compensation Program Claim Approvals for Adult Survivors of Sexual Assault: 18 US States, 2015–2023.

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Title: Racial Disparities in Victim Compensation Program Claim Approvals for Adult Survivors of Sexual Assault: 18 US States, 2015–2023.
Authors: Dickman, Samuel, Levine, Jeremy, Bolton, Chalem, Conway, Anna, Russell, Kelly
Source: American Journal of Public Health. Mar2026, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p380-386. 7p.
Subjects: Victims, Legal evidence, Sex crimes, African Americans, Evaluation of human services programs, Hispanic Americans, Multivariate analysis, White people, Race, Damages (Law), Research, Data analysis software
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: Objectives. To examine racial/ethnic disparities in victim compensation claim approval rates for adult survivors of sexual assault. Methods. We analyzed administrative data from 18 US state victim compensation programs (2015–2023), covering 45 934 claims from adult sexual assault survivors. We used multivariable linear probability models to examine predictors of claim approval, adjusting for survivor age and state and year fixed effects. Results. Of all claims, 93.4% were from women; 41.7% were from White, 20.8% were from Latina, and 15% were from Black applicants. Black and Indigenous women's claims were less likely to be approved than were White women's (P <.001). The most common denial reason was lack of evidence that a crime had occurred (34.4%). Racial/ethnic disparities appear to be driven by administrative paperwork burdens. Approval rates varied widely, from 29.4% in Illinois to 94.1% in New Hampshire. Claims referred by hospitals or law enforcement had higher probabilities of approval than did those referred by other sources. Conclusions. Racial disparities exist in victim compensation claim approvals. Public Health Implications. Removing police reporting requirements and simplifying application processes could reduce racial disparities in access to compensation for survivors of sexual assault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Racial Disparities in Victim Compensation Program Claim Approvals for Adult Survivors of Sexual Assault: 18 US States, 2015–2023.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22American+Journal+of+Public+Health%22&quot;&gt;American Journal of Public Health&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Mar2026, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p380-386. 7p.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Objectives. To examine racial/ethnic disparities in victim compensation claim approval rates for adult survivors of sexual assault. Methods. We analyzed administrative data from 18 US state victim compensation programs (2015–2023), covering 45 934 claims from adult sexual assault survivors. We used multivariable linear probability models to examine predictors of claim approval, adjusting for survivor age and state and year fixed effects. Results. Of all claims, 93.4% were from women; 41.7% were from White, 20.8% were from Latina, and 15% were from Black applicants. Black and Indigenous women&#39;s claims were less likely to be approved than were White women&#39;s (P &lt;.001). The most common denial reason was lack of evidence that a crime had occurred (34.4%). Racial/ethnic disparities appear to be driven by administrative paperwork burdens. Approval rates varied widely, from 29.4% in Illinois to 94.1% in New Hampshire. Claims referred by hospitals or law enforcement had higher probabilities of approval than did those referred by other sources. Conclusions. Racial disparities exist in victim compensation claim approvals. Public Health Implications. Removing police reporting requirements and simplifying application processes could reduce racial disparities in access to compensation for survivors of sexual assault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of American Journal of Public Health is the property of American Public Health Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.2105/AJPH.2025.308304
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 7
        StartPage: 380
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Victims
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Legal evidence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex crimes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: African Americans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Evaluation of human services programs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hispanic Americans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multivariate analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: White people
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Race
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Damages (Law)
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      – SubjectFull: Research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Racial Disparities in Victim Compensation Program Claim Approvals for Adult Survivors of Sexual Assault: 18 US States, 2015–2023.
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            NameFull: Dickman, Samuel
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            NameFull: Levine, Jeremy
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            NameFull: Bolton, Chalem
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            NameFull: Conway, Anna
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            NameFull: Russell, Kelly
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              M: 03
              Text: Mar2026
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 116
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